Human Physiology > Chapter 9 stuff > Flashcards

Chapter 9 stuff Flashcards

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1
Q

More Cl- diffusion through channels would cause

A

hyperpolarization

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2
Q

If an injection of potassium causes the [K+] in the ECF to exceed that of the cytosol, X would occur

A

depolarization

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3
Q

X are required for a person to experience cutis anserina.

A

Action potentials

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4
Q
  1. Graded potentials are not action potentials, but they may X action potentials.
A

initiate

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5
Q

Graded potentials don’t/involve the cell membrane’s potential reaching zero

A

don’t

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6
Q

IPSPs X a postsynaptic cell’s membrane potential

A

increase

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7
Q

Chloride ions moving through ligand-gated channels during the RMP would cause

A

hyperpolarization

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8
Q
  1. X are required for a person to experience cutis anserina.
A

Action potentials

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9
Q
  1. Ligand-gated channels cannot perform X but can allow X through a membrane.
A

facilitated diffusion, simple diffusion

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10
Q
  1. Hyperpolarization caused by a neurotransmitter is an X.
A

IPSPs

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11
Q
  1. During an action potential, there are X moments when the membrane potential is zero.
A

two

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12
Q
  1. More Cl- diffusion through channels would cause X
A

hyperpolarization

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13
Q
  1. X of Na+ and K+ contributes to the development of RMP.
A

Unequal diffusion

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14
Q
  1. Impulses require X channels.
A

voltage-gated

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15
Q
  1. More K+ diffusion through gated channels would tend to X a cell’s membrane potential.
A

increase

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16
Q
  1. Keratinocytes and melanocytes X experience action potentials.
A

do not

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17
Q
  1. When sodium ions are pumped through a plasma membrane, the membrane potential tends to X
A

increase.

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18
Q
  1. Primary active transport is necessary to maintain X for Na+, K+, Ca2+, and Cl- ions.
A

concentration gradients

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19
Q
  1. Only X and X have voltage-gated channels.
A

muscle cells and neurons

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20
Q
  1. EPSPs are reductions in membrane potential, making the postsynaptic cell’s potential X
A

closer to zero.

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21
Q
  1. Opening a mechanically gated sodium channel in a skin tactile receptor may or may not initiate an X
A

action potential.

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22
Q
  1. Membrane potentials of -70 mV are lower than membrane potentials of X mV.
A

-80

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23
Q
  1. Threshold voltage in an excitable cell is X than the RMP,
A

less

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24
Q
  1. Movement of ions through voltage-gated channels is always X.
A

passive

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25
33. After hyperpolarization, a membrane must X in order to reach RMP.
depolarize
26
34. Sodium diffusing through the cell membrane causes X
depolarization.
27
37. Hyperpolarization can result without the movement of X through the plasma membrane.
anions
28
38. The entire cytosol is/not negatively charged compared to the entire ECF.
isn't
29
39. The inside (fatty acid region) of a plasma membrane is/not charged.
isn't
30
40. Hyperpolarizing a cell that has a RMP of -70 mV will result in the cell’s membrane potential becoming more X
negative.
31
41. Excitatory postsynaptic potentials are X
depolarizations.
32
42. Voltage-gated K+ channels make the inside border of a membrane become X near the end of an action potential.
negative
33
43. Potassium ions diffusing through ligand-gated channels during the RMP would cause X
hyperpolarization.
34
44. At rest, cell membranes are more permeable to X than to X.
potassium, sodium
35
46. Threshold voltage is always less than the excitable cell’s X.
RMP
36
47. Suprathreshold stimuli cause the membrane potential to X and become X.
decrease, less than threshold voltage
37
50. Calcium ions diffusing through ligand-gated channels during the RMP would cause X
depolarization
38
Type of cell that can experience a reversal of polarity along their membranes
muscle
39
13Voltage that triggers the opening of a voltage-gated channel
threshold
40
14K+ ions are higher in the ___cellular fluid
intra
41
The second reversal of polarity during an AP makes the MP (negative/positive)
negative
42
An increase in MP away from RMP is ___
hyperpolarization
43
Ion that is in a higher concentration intercellularly than intracellularly
sodium
44
8 Electrical potential difference between two regions
voltage
45
1Unequal ___ of Na+ and K+ ions help establish the RMP
pumping
46
18Series of APs occurring in rapid succession along a membrane
impulse
47
Ca2+ ions are higher in the ___cellular fluid
inter
48
Opening a ligand-gated Cl channel during the RMP will cause the MP to ___
increase
49
A ___ potential is a "wave" of electrical change that decreases along the membrane
graded
50
Ion that is in a higher concentration intercellularly than in the cytosol
calcium
51
Gradient that drives the movement of ions
electrochemical
52
2A decrease in MP away from RMP causes ___
depolarization
53
A membrane is said to be ___ if it is at its RMP
polarized
54
Na+ ions are higher in the ___cellular fluid because
extra
55
Ion that is in a higher concentration intracellularly than extracellularly
potassium
56
Opening a ligand-gated K+ channel during the RMP will cause the MP to ___
increase
57
Opening a ligand-gated Cl- channel during the RMP would cause ___
hyperpolarization
58
Equation that relates to how a particular ion can affect the membrane potential
nernst
59
___ ions in the cytosol contribute to the MP
organic
60
Opening a ligand-gated Na+ channel during the RMP causes the MP to ___
decrease
61
A driving force influence by the difference in voltage at two different sites
electrical
62
Opening a ligand-gated Na+ channel during the RMP would cause ___
depolarization
63
The ___ potential is a reversal of polarity along a membrane
action
64
Values cited for a membrane potential are always for the ___ border of the membrane
inside
65
The first reversal of polarity during an AP makes the MP (negative/positive)
positive
66
The unequal ___ of Na+ and K+ ions are most important in establishing the RMP
diffusion
67
Ions responsible for the second reversal of polarity during an AP
potassium
68
Cl- ions are lower in the ___cellular fluid
intra
69
Ion that is in a higher concentration in the ECF than in the cytosol
chloride
70
2___ potential is the electrical difference on opposite sides of a membrane
membrane
71
6A -70 mV MP is a (more/less) polarized condition than a -60 mV MP
more
Human Physiology
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