Chapter 2

Question 1

Matter

Answer 1

anything that has mass and takes up space

Question 2

Element

Answer 2

a pure substance consisting of only one type of atom

Question 3

Compunds

Answer 3

a substance containing two or more elements in a fixed ratio

Question 4

Atom

Answer 4

smallest, stable unit of an element

Question 5

atomic theory

Answer 5

1.Matter is composed of atoms
2.Atoms in each element are different than those of other elements
3.Chemical compounds made of atoms in specfic ratios
4.Chemical reactions change the way atoms are combined;Atoms are unchanged

Question 6

Proton

Answer 6

positive charge, 1 AMU, in nucleus

Question 7

Neutron

Answer 7

no charge, 1 AMU, in necleus

Question 8

Electron

Answer 8

negative charge, very small mass

Question 9

Atomic number

Answer 9

upper left
=to # of protons

Question 10

Atomic mass

Answer 10

mass - atomic #
protons+neutrons

Question 11

Isotope

Answer 11

same elements, different mass

Question 12

Radioactive isotopes

Answer 12

unstable, nucleus decays spontaneously giving off particles and energy

Question 13

Periodic table

Answer 13

periods=rows
groups=columns
Main group elements 1A-8A

Question 14

Electron shells

Answer 14

1st. lowest energy, Max 2 electrons
2nd. Next highest, Max 8 electrons
3rd. Highest energy. Max 8

Question 15

Valence Shell

Answer 15

-outermost occupied shell
-if valence shell has missing electrons, more prone to form bonds/compounds

Question 16

Covalent bond

Answer 16

Shared electrons

Question 17

Double bond

Answer 17

sjared 4 electrons

Question 18

Triples bond

Answer 18

Shared 6 electrons

Question 19

Ionic bond

Answer 19

transfer of electrons

Question 20

Hydrogen bond

Answer 20

between opposite poles of charged (polar) molecules (weakest bonds)

Question 21

Electro negativity

Answer 21

Amount of E- attraction of atom in covalent bond

Question 22

Non polar

Answer 22

Even electron sharing

Question 23

Polar

Answer 23

Uneven electron sharing

Question 24

Ion

Answer 24

Atom that has gained or lost 1 or more electrons

Question 25

Anion

Answer 25

neg charge

Question 26

cation

Answer 26

Pos charge

Question 27

Ionic Compounds

Answer 27

Salts

Question 28

Reactants

Answer 28

start

Question 29

Products

Answer 29

end

Question 30

Types of reactions

Answer 30

Precipitation acid-base neutrlazation Redox=oxidations-reduction