Genes

Question 1

Define heredity.

Answer 1

The transmission of traits from parents to offspring.

Question 2

Define genetics.

Answer 2

The study of heredity and variation.

Question 3

Define character.

Answer 3

A heritable feature that varies among individuals.

Question 4

Define trait.

Answer 4

A variant of a character.

Question 5

Who is Gregor Mendel?

Answer 5

A monk who discovered the basic principles of heredity using pea plants.

Question 6

Define true-breeding.

Answer 6

Plants that produce offspring identical to themselves.

Question 7

Define hybrid.

Answer 7

Offspring of crosses between parents with different traits.

Question 8

Define genetic cross.

Answer 8

Mating of two organisms to study inheritance.

Question 9

Define parental generation.

Answer 9

The P (or F0) generation in a genetic cross.

Question 10

Define F1 generation.

Answer 10

The hybrid offspring of the parental generation.

Question 11

Define F2 generation.

Answer 11

The offspring of F1 individuals.

Question 12

What is a monohybrid cross?

Answer 12

A cross that studies inheritance of one trait.

Question 13

Define allele.

Answer 13

Alternative versions of a gene that account for variations in inherited characters.

Question 14

State Mendel’s Law of Segregation.

Answer 14

1. Alternative versions of genes account for variations in inherited character we call these alleles
2. For each inherited character, an organism inherits two alleles, one from each parent
3. if the two alleles differ, one determines the trait, called the dominant allele. other is not detectable, called recessive allele.
4. Sperm and egg carries only one allele for each character. the twi alleles seperate during gamete production

Question 15

Define homozygous.

Answer 15

Having two identical alleles for a gene.

Question 16

Define heterozygous.

Answer 16

Having two different alleles for a gene.

Question 17

Gene

Answer 17

Segment of DNA that codes for a trait, RNA