Chapter 21

Question 1

What are the two layers of skin?

Answer 1

The epidermis: outer layer

-the dermis: the inner layer

Question 2

What does the Malapighian layer do?

Answer 2

Contains the pigment that protects the skin from the harmful rays of the sun

Question 3

What is the dermis made up of?

Answer 3

• sweat glands; remove water+salt from the blood, goes out through the pores
• blood vessels provides skin with oxygen and nutrients
• nerves allow us to feel sensations
• oil glands moisten the skin
• hairs help keep the body warm
• fat cells insulate the body

Question 4

Functions of skin

Answer 4

• excretory organ
• controls body temp
• physical barrier to microorganisms
• pigment protects body from harmful sun rays
• organ of touch
• vit D made by the skin in sunlight

Question 5

Guidelines for healthy skin

Answer 5

• wash body everyday
• change underwear everyday
• avoid touching spots
• wash hands regularly
• cleanse, tone and moisturise face

Question 6

What causes body odour?

Answer 6

Body odour is produced when bacteria on the skin works on sweat

Question 7

What can be done to prevent over-exposure to the sun?

Answer 7

• wearing a wide brimmed hat&t-shirt
• avoiding going out in the sun from 11-3
• use high-protection sun cream
• don’t fall asleep in the sun

Question 8

How many adult teeth are there!

Answer 8

32

Question 9

What are the two main section of a tooth

Answer 9

• crown(visible part of the tooth)

- root(embedded in the gum)

Question 10

What are the parts of the tooth?

Answer 10

• enamel
• dentine
• pulp cavity
• cementum
• periodontal fibres

Question 11

What is enamel?

Answer 11

A hard substance that protects the tooth

Question 12

What is dentine

Answer 12

A bone like substance under enamel

Question 13

Pulp cavity

Answer 13

The space at the centre of the tooth which contains blood vessels and nerves

Question 14

Cementum

Answer 14

The layer around the tooth which holds the tooth in place in the jaw

Question 15

Periodontal fibres

Answer 15

These hold the tooth in the bone

Question 16

What does plaque consist of?

Answer 16

Food particles, salvia and bacteria

Question 17

What is tarter

Answer 17

Hardened plaque on teeth

Question 18

How does tooth decay happen?

Answer 18

Bacteria present in the mouth acts on food particles to produce acid

Question 19

What are some dental healthy products?

Answer 19

• dental floss
• fluoride toothpaste
• antiseptic mouth wash
• disclosing tablet
• interdental brush

Question 20

What does a disclosing tablet do?

Answer 20

It shows the plaque on the teeth, making it easier to remove it by brushing

Question 21

Interdental brush

Answer 21

Removes plaque between teeth

Question 22

Guidelines for healthy teeth and gums

Answer 22

• avoid sugary foods and drinks between meals
• brush teeth properly at least twice a day
• visit your dentist regularly
• replace your toothbrush every 3 months
• use dental floss to clean between your teeth
• each crunchy foods such as raw fruit and vegetables
• eat a healthy diet which includes calcium for strong teeth

Question 23

What is coronary heart disease?

Answer 23

When cholesterol builds up as deposits on the walls they become narrower, this can cause high blood pressure and a heart attack

Question 24

What are factors that increase the risk of heart disease?

Answer 24

• heredity
• high-fat diet
• overweight
• lack of exercise
• smoking
• stress
• too much alcohol

Question 25

What are the guidelines for reducing the risk or coronary heart disease?

Answer 25

- reduce foods high in saturated fat/cholesterol - increase intake of polyunsaturated fat - avoid overeating - reduce alcohol consumption - do not smoke - exercise regularly - avoid stress