Chapter 24- Flashcards

Question

How can texture effect the atmosphere of a room?

Answer 1

- rough textures such as brick+stone absorb sound and light creating a quiet, cozy atmosphere - smooth textures such as polished wood+marble reflect sound and light to create a clean, tidy effect but noisy

Answer 2

Used to provide interest and contrast but too many patterns can create a cluttered effect

Answer 3

1. Balance: equal spread of colour, pattern and texture around the room 2. Proportion: link between the sizes of different items in the room 3. Rhythm: this where there is a regular or repeated colour or pattern to connect each a part of the room 4. Emphasis: part of the design which stands out

Answer 4

- consider the function of the room - safety and hygiene is important in kitchens and bathrooms - consider whether the room is ventilated - plan for storage space - consider existing fixtures and fittings as they will influence the layout of the room - consider the aspect - consider the traffic flow

Answer 5

The free movement of a room, with enough space allowed between furniture

Answer 6

The study of the efficiency of people in their workplace. It involves designing equipment and room layouts to suit people so their time and energy won't be wasted

Answer 7

1. Storage 2. Preparation 3. Cooking 4. Serving

Answer 8

The work sequence and the work triangle so the kitchen units and equipment should be arranged following the work sequence

Answer 9

1. People- may be careless or untidy 2. Buildings- may be badly designed, maintained or poor lighting 3. Objects- equipment may be faulty

Answer 10

- never handle anything electrical with wet hands - never take anything electrical into the bathroom - look for safety symbols on all appliances - never overload sockets or try to repair frayed flexes - ensure appliances are wired correctly with the correct fuse

Answer 11

- use a fire guard around open fires - install smoke alarms and test them regularly - keep a fire extinguisher and a fire blanket around the house - switch off electrical appliances at night - do not fall asleep with a lit cigarette in your hand - never leave matches where children can get them - never leave frying pan unattended

Answer 12

- ensure that small items are not left on the floor - wipe up spills immediately - don't over-polish floors - install handgrips on showers and baths

Answer 13

- keep plastic bags, medicine, cleaning agents out of reach - use short, coiled flexes on appliances - fit window locks and stair gates - ensure that babies are strapped securely - never leaves young child unattended near water

Answer 14

- keep calm and call the fire brigade - ensure that everyone leaves the house by the quickest route - don't stop to collect valuables - don't re-enter house

Answer 15

Use a fire blanket to fire extinguisher to quench the fire | -never use water on electrical items or burning oil

Answer 16

To preserve lift To prevent the condition from worsening To promote recovery

Answer 17

- Act calmly and quickly - Don't place yourself in harms way to aid the victim - Check for breathing - Look for pulse and check for bleeding - Avoid giving the victim food/drink as they may need to fast if an anaesthetic is needed

Answer 18

- burns are caused by dry heat (hot appliances, fire) | - scalds are caused by wet heat (steam, water)

Answer 19

- remove any clothing around injury before it starts to swell - run under cold water for 10 minutes - cover the burn no the surrounding area with sterile dressing - don't break blisters - don't apply lotion or ointment to the injury

Answer 20

- lay the victim down and protect the burned area from the ground - gently remove any clothing/accessories around the burned area - pour cold water over the burned area - cover the injury with sterile dressing - while waiting for help treat for possible shock - don't burst blisters or apply lotions or ointments

Answer 21

Shock occurs when too little blood circulates to the brain. It can cause rapid shallow breathing, cold clammy skin, weak pulse, dizziness. Caused by severe bleeding or burns, vomiting, an allergic reaction, heart attack.

Answer 22

- lay the victim down and use blanket to protect from cold ground - raise legs high as possible - treat my cause of shock - loosen tight clothing - don't allow the victim to move, eat or drink

Answer 23

- bend the victim over and slap him/her on the back - if above fails to work try the abdominal thrust (Heimlich Manoeuvre) 1. Stand behind casualty, put your hands around them and put one fist below the rib cage 2. Link your hands and pull sharply inwards and upwards 3. If victim in a baby lay them face down and slap between the shoulder blades

Answer 24

- if cut is dirty, clean it by rinsing lightly under running water - pat dry and apply plaster - if there is severe bleeding from a cut, cover with a sterile dressing and apply pressure over the wound with your fingers - raise the wounded part above the level of the heart if possible - apply bandage firmly in place - check circulation around bandage and loosen it if necessary - call an ambulance if the bleeding continues

Answer 25

A torn or damaged ligament

Answer 26

A pulled muscle

Answer 27

RICE REST injured part apply ICE COMPRESS the injury ELEVATE the injured part

Answer 28

- If a person has swallowed a poisonous substance take immediately to the hospital - bring the container of the substance to the hospital so they can decide on a treatment quicker - never make the victim vomit - if the victim is conscious and the lips are burned make them drink frequent sips of cold water or milk - if victim is unconscious place in the recovery position and send for an ambulance

Answer 29

- refrigerators and freezers help to keep the food fresh for longer - kettles, blenders, juicers etc help convert food quickly into meals - cordless and intelligent electrical appliances improve the safety and efficiency in the kitchen

Answer 30

- easy to clean materials such as synthetics and plastic are now widely available - there are non-stick surfaces on saucepans and oven linings - lawnmowers have made maintaining the garden much easier - cleaning agents make cleaning much more efficient - sewing machines are easier to use and very versatile

Answer 31

1. Less time and energy spent on household tasks 2. Better standards of hygiene 3. Easier to communicate with people across the world 4. More security in home thanks to alarm systems 5. News more available

Answer 32

1. The cost of buying, running and maintaining can be high 2. Some machines are difficult to use and to assemble 3. Environmental problems come from the manufacturing of machines 4. Can lead to families interacting less

Answer 33

- cost: initial, installation, maintaining - energy efficiency - brand (reliable and good quality?) - safety - needs: size of family and amount of use - ease of use - guarantee

Answer 34

1. Appliances with a motor (food mixer, processor) 2. Appliances with a heating element (toaster, kettle 3. Large appliances with both an element and a motor (oven, mashing machine, tumblr dryer, cookers)

Answer 35

- hob - grill - oven

Answer 36

Usually four solid hot plates/coiled rings/ceramic plates. A gas hob has four burners of various sizes

Answer 37

- economic dual rings may be used for small saucepans - halogen rings use halogen bulbs fitted under ceramic plates, they heat up quickly and are easy to control - an induction hob creates heat inside the saucepan by generating a magnetic field - split levels cookers may be built into the kitchen units

Answer 38

-many gas cookers have a surface combustion grill (small flames over the heating surface to give a larger grilling area)

Answer 39

•dual grill allows one half of the grill to be used for small amounts of food

Answer 40

* glass-panelled external oven door * may have a removable roof for easy cleaning * cool touch doors for safety * self cleaning oven linings

Answer 41

* multifunction ovens may be adjusted to suit different cooking conditions e.g with or without fan oven * clock and auto-timer

Answer 42

•oven flame-failure device (safety feature to stop gas flow if burner goes out)

Answer 43

Keeps the oven at the temperature set on the control dial

Answer 44

* hob heats saucepans by conduction * the liquid side the saucepan heats by convection * grill heats food by radiation * oven heats food by convection

Answer 45

* wipe up spills immediately * wipe grill pan after use * never drag heavy saucepans across the hob in case of scratching * avoid using abrasive cleaning agents on the surface of the hob as they may damage the enamel and chrome * use special cleaner for ceramic hobs * protect your hands and clothes * use a special caustic oven cleaner when cleaning the oven * wash, rinse and dry the oven

Answer 46

* the choice between gas or electric depends on where you live due to the availability of fuel * gas cookers heat quickly and are easy to control but are not as clean as electric cookers * decide if you want a freestanding cooker or a separate oven and hob * if you choose electric decide carefully what type of hob you want; ceramic, coiled ring etc.

Answer 47

* position near a gas or electric connection * ensure gas cookers are postion end away from draughts * don't place cookers beside a refrigerator

Answer 48

* keeps perishable foods fresh for a period of time * reduces wastage of leftover foods * limits shopping trips * protects food from dust and flies * helps to reduce the risk of food poisoning

Answer 49

* Integrated door panel: to match other kitchen fittings * door which can be adjusted to open from the left or the right: to suit kitchen layout * adjustable feet: to adjust height * split shelves: to store taller items * zoned refrigeration: different parts can have different temperatures * automatic defrost: prevents build up of ice

Answer 50

1. The cost of buying, running and maintaining can be high 2. Some machines are difficult to use and to assemble 3. Environmental problems come from the manufacturing of machines 4. Can lead to families interacting less

Answer 51

- cost: initial, installation, maintaining - energy efficiency - brand (reliable and good quality?) - safety - needs: size of family and amount of use - ease of use - guarantee

Answer 52

1. Appliances with a motor (food mixer, processor) 2. Appliances with a heating element (toaster, kettle 3. Large appliances with both an element and a motor (oven, mashing machine, tumblr dryer, cookers)

Answer 53

- hob - grill - oven

Answer 54

Usually four solid hot plates/coiled rings/ceramic plates. A gas hob has four burners of various sizes

Answer 55

- economic dual rings may be used for small saucepans - halogen rings use halogen bulbs fitted under ceramic plates, they heat up quickly and are easy to control - an induction hob creates heat inside the saucepan by generating a magnetic field - split levels cookers may be built into the kitchen units

Answer 56

-many gas cookers have a surface combustion grill (small flames over the heating surface to give a larger grilling area)

Answer 57

•dual grill allows one half of the grill to be used for small amounts of food

Answer 58

* glass-panelled external oven door * may have a removable roof for easy cleaning * cool touch doors for safety * self cleaning oven linings

Answer 59

* multifunction ovens may be adjusted to suit different cooking conditions e.g with or without fan oven * clock and auto-timer

Answer 60

•oven flame-failure device (safety feature to stop gas flow if burner goes out)

Answer 61

Keeps the oven at the temperature set on the control dial

Answer 62

* hob heats saucepans by conduction * the liquid side the saucepan heats by convection * grill heats food by radiation * oven heats food by convection

Answer 63

* wipe up spills immediately * wipe grill pan after use * never drag heavy saucepans across the hob in case of scratching * avoid using abrasive cleaning agents on the surface of the hob as they may damage the enamel and chrome * use special cleaner for ceramic hobs * protect your hands and clothes * use a special caustic oven cleaner when cleaning the oven * wash, rinse and dry the oven

Answer 64

* the choice between gas or electric depends on where you live due to the availability of fuel * gas cookers heat quickly and are easy to control but are not as clean as electric cookers * decide if you want a freestanding cooker or a separate oven and hob * if you choose electric decide carefully what type of hob you want; ceramic, coiled ring etc.

Answer 65

* position near a gas or electric connection * ensure gas cookers are postion end away from draughts * don't place cookers beside a refrigerator

Answer 66

* keeps perishable foods fresh for a period of time * reduces wastage of leftover foods * limits shopping trips * protects food from dust and flies * helps to reduce the risk of food poisoning

Answer 67

* Integrated door panel: to match other kitchen fittings * door which can be adjusted to open from the left or the right: to suit kitchen layout * adjustable feet: to adjust height * split shelves: to store taller items * zoned refrigeration: different parts can have different temperatures * automatic defrost: prevents build up of ice

Answer 68

* the refrigerator should be placed away form the cooker or any other heat sources as this would put extra pressure on the motor * cover food before refrigerating to prevent it from drying out * never refrigerate apples, bananas or root vegetables * wrap strong-smelling foods to avoid passing flavours onto other foods * don't pack the shelves with foods this will prevent circulation of cold air * don't open door unnecessarily

Answer 69

* defrost regularly to avoid build up ice that can affect the efficiency * the inside of the refrigerator should be cleaned with a solution of 1tbsp per 1/2 litre of warm water, as detergents can affect the taste of the food

Answer 70

* choose one large enough to suit the family size * ensure there is enough space for it * consider how it has to be defrosted * note the star rating on the frozen food compartment

Answer 71

Under WEEE directive all old old electrical appliances must be brought to special collection points where they can be recycled

Answer 72

They create energy waves which are attracted to water and fat molecules in the food they enter the food and make the food molecules vibrate, causing friction. The friction produces heat in the food

Answer 73

* cooking food quickly * reheating foods * defrosting frozen foods * melting chocolate * softening jam, jelly, butter

Answer 74

* glass, plastic and paper dishes are suitable as the energy waves pass through them * metal containers should not be used as they damage the microwave

Answer 75

* follow manufacturers instructions * the size, thickness and amount of food influence the cooking time * pierce foods with a skin to prevent bursting * stir liquids and turn large food items during cooking

Answer 76

* some ovens have turntables which ensure more even cooking * automatic programming facilities (user can programme own settings for favourite dish) * temperature probe (to calculate cooking time) * auto-weight defrost (automatically calculates power and time for defrosting)

Answer 77

- clean - efficient - safe - relatively cheap

Answer 78

- affected by power cuts | - may be dangerous if used carelessly

Answer 79

1. Service cable 2. Suppliers main fuse 3. Meter (measures amount of electricity being used&sometimes there is another meter is nights aver electricity is being used) 4. Consumer unit

Answer 80

Green and yellow

Answer 81

To carry electricity to the appliance

Answer 82

To return the electricity to the generator

Answer 83

It brings the electric current to the earth if a fault occurs

Answer 84

Double insulated

Answer 85

It is a deliberate weak link in the electrical circuit. It melt if the circuit overheats so it breaks the circuit

Answer 86

It has the same function of the fuse but it is easier to reset

Answer 87

1. Unscrew central screw and remove plug top 2. Remove fuse and loosen flex clamp screws 3. Loosen screws of the three terminals 4. Carefully push wire through the flex clamp and fasten in place 5. Carefully strip enough insulation from the inner sheaths to expose about 6mm of wire and insert wiring under the screw at the correct terminal 6. Tighten screws 7. Fit fuse and replace cover

Answer 88

* use good quality plus and appliances * replace frayed flexes don't attempt to repair them * don't overload sockets * never take portable electrical appliances into the bathroom * never let water come into contact with electrical appliances * lights and heating fixtures in bathrooms should be operated using a pull cord

Answer 89

- natural gas | - bottled gas

Answer 90

1. Pipelines (piped ashore from under sea) 2. Meter control valve (controls supply) 3. Gas meter (records how much is being used)

Answer 91

Available in areas that don't receive piped gas

Answer 92

- clean - efficient - not affected by power cuts

Answer 93

–flammable - gas leaks - produces carbon monoxide - non renewable - requires good ventilation

Answer 94

* all gas appliances should be installed by qualified person * gas cookers, boilers and heaters should be serviced regularly * good ventilation is essential * never block wall vents * never look for gas leaks with naked flame

Answer 95

* open all doors and windows * check gas appliances if the gas is still on * turn off gas at the meter control valve * phone gas company on emergency number * don't smoke * don't touch light switches or thermostats as they give off a tiny spark if turned on/off * don't use any electrical appliances

Answer 96

* large objects (stone+grit) removed by filtering the water through layers of gravel and sand * chlorine is added to destroy harmful bacteria * fluoride added to prevent tooth decay

Answer 97

1. Reservoir 2. Mains pipe 3. A service pipe goes from mains pipe to each house 4. Directly to cold water tap in the kitchen or in a separate pipe to to a storage tank in the attic 5. From the storage tank it goes to toilets, baths, other sinks in the house and to the boiler

Answer 98

* central heating system * solar panels * immersion heater * back boiler (behind open fire)

Answer 99

* good lighting * good ventilation * ease of plumbing

Answer 100

Holds water and prevents unpleasant odours and germs entering the kitchen from the drain

Answer 101

1. Remove any pieces of food that may be blocking the sink outlet 2. Block the overflow with a cloth and use a plunger 3. If this fails put some washing soda crystals down the drain followed by boiling water 4. If this also fails place a basin underneath the U-bend and unscrew the nut. Use a piece of wire to loosen the blockage, flush with hot water and replace the nut

Answer 102

1. Turn off water at the mains 2. Run all cold taps to drain the system 3. Turn off the central heating system and avoid lighting a fire if there is a back boiler installed 4. Call a plumber 5. If pipes have frozen wrap the pipe in hot rags

Answer 103

1. Central heating: water is heated by a boiler and passes around the house through radiators 2. Background heating: storage heaters which use electricity may be sued to give off low levels of background heat 3. Individual heaters: heaters may be fixed to the wall or portable

Answer 104

* timers can be set to turn the heaters on and off at different times * the thermostat controls the temperature on the central heating boiler and at radiators

Answer 105

- clean - efficient - not affected by power cuts - can also be used for cooking - gas leaks - storage space needed for gas cylinders and tanks

Answer 106

- convenient - easy to use - automatic - energy efficient - storage tank required - may be expensive

Answer 107

- creates cozy atmosphere - reasonably cheap - helps ventilation in an open fire - dirty - storage space required

Answer 108

Trapping the heat in the house by using heating materials

Answer 109

* polystyrene sheets used in cavity in wall * fabrics used on floors * fibreglass+wool used in attics * still air used in vanity walls and double glazed Windows * heavy fabric curtains * lagging jackets used on hot water cylinders

Answer 110

* to remove stale air * provide fresh air * control humidity levels * control air temperature * prevent condensation

Answer 111

- doors - Windows - room vents - fireplace - extractor fm as - cooker hoods

Answer 112

* good ventilation * insulation * efficient me * efficient removal of moisture

Answer 113

- prevents eye strain - prevents accidents - creates atmosphere in room - provides sufficient light for activites

Answer 114

- natural light | - artificial light

Answer 115

1. Tungsten filament lamps 2. Fluorescent tubes 3. Compact fluorescent lights 4. Tungsten halogen lamps 5. Light-emitting diodes

Answer 116

Last for approximately 1000 hours, have become less popular as they are less energy efficient. Being phased out of the European Union

Answer 117

They give off more light than filament lamps and they last 3000 hours

Answer 118

Gives off the same light as an ordinary filament lamp put only use 20% of energy and last 8000 hours

Answer 119

Contain tungsten filament and halogen gas, which improve their efficiency. Produce a crisp white light so they are ideal for spotlighting last 2000-6000 hours

Answer 120

Produce a light very close to natural sunlight which is thought to be easier on the eyes, they last 100000 hours

Answer 121

* turn down the thermostat on central heating boilers * take showers instead of baths * choose energy saving appliances * avoid washing under a running tap * use energy efficient light bulbs * use dishwashers and washing machines only when full * switch off lights when not needed

Answer 122

Hygiene relates to cleanliness and the protection of health

Answer 123

* remove unnecessary clutter from surfaces * ensure the house is well ventilated * wipe up spills immediately * keep drains clean and free from blockages

Answer 124

* surfaces should be smooth and easy to clean * change the dishcloth and tea towels everyday * keep sink and draining board clean and tidy * use bin with lid, disinfect regularly * sweep and wash floors regularly * wipe down surfaces before and after preparing food

Answer 125

* keep a set of cloths and rubber gloves especially for cleaning the bathroom * change hand towels, sponges and face cloths daily * keep toilet bowl, seat and flush bangle spotlessly clean * avoid toilet seat covers as these hide germs

Answer 126

- Used as an abrasive, used to clean fridges, toilets and hard floors. - Used dry it will absorb unpleasant odours

Answer 127

Can be used as an alternative to bleach. Removes odours, stops mould growth, disinfects and freshens laundry

Answer 128

- removes limes ale | - good for cleaning windows, mirrors and removing rust from stainless steel sinks

Answer 129

Good for cutting through grease, as well as being anti-fungal, anti-bacterial and anti-viral

Answer 130

- Can be used to remove stains such as blood, grass and mildew - it will bleach wooden choosing boards - cleans copper+brass when combined with salt

Answer 131

-removes red wine and coffee stains

Answer 132

-when left (separately) overnight in a toilet bowel they will remove stains

Answer 133

* bicarbonate of soda * borax * white vinegar * essential oils * lemon juice * soda water * cola and denture-cleaning tablets

Answer 134

* abrasives e.g Brillo * bleaches e.g parazone * cream cleaners e.g cif * detergents e.g washing up liquid * disinfectants e.g dettol * multi-purpose cleaners e.g dettox * oven cleaners e.g mr muscle * polishes

Answer 135

Stubborn stains on scratch resistant surfaces

Answer 136

Stain removal

Answer 137

Sinks, cookers, smooth surfaces

Answer 138

Washing dishes and clothes

Answer 139

Killing germs in sinks, bins, floors

Answer 140

Cleaning surfaces

Answer 141

Stubborn stains on oven surfaces and glass doors

Answer 142

Metals, furniture, Windows, floors

Answer 143

* the cost of the product and the quantity in the container * can it harm or scratch Surfaces * are there health risks in using the product * does it have clear instructions for use? * is it environmentally friendly?

Answer 144

- bring reusable bag - don't buy over packaged goods - buy products which use recycled materials in their packaging - buy in bulk when possible - buy products which are CFC free - look for the EU eco label on products

Answer 145

- skin cancers - cataracts and eye disorders - reduction in the harvest of certain plants - damage marine life

Answer 146

* CFCs (aerosols, foam packaging, old fridges) | * halons (fire extinguishers)

Answer 147

* choose only ozone-friendly aerosol sprays * use non-aerosol products such as roll on deodorants * choose products that are packaged in CFC free containers

Chapter 24- Flashcards

(174 cards)