Chapter 22-23

Question 1

What are the guidelines for generally good health?

Answer 1

• eat a balanced diet
• practise good personal hygiene
• take regular exercise
• get sufficient rest and sleep
• don’t smoke or abuse drugs or alcohol
• develop a positive attitude
• visit the doctor regularly
• develop hobbies

Question 2

What are guidelines for good mental health?

Answer 2

• have a good balance between work and relaxation
• spend time with people whose company you enjoy
• are regular exercise
• talk about your worries to someone you can trust
• make the most of your talents
• seek help for problems if necessary

Question 3

What are precautions against disease?

Answer 3

• babies and children need to be screened regularly to identify problems concerning their development
• vaccinations are important before going to a new country
• women need breast and cervical examinations and men need to be tested for testicular cancer
• both men and women need their cholesterol levels checked

Question 4

What is aerobic exercise?

Answer 4

Aerobic exercise is exercise that makes you breathe faster and your heart and lungs work harder for example running, swimming

Question 5

What are the benefits of regular exercise?

Answer 5

• reduces the risk of heart disease and stroke
• reduces stress
• way of socialising
• helps you to sleep better
• helps maintain a healthy weight
• helps to control blood pressure

Question 6

What are guidelines to reduce stress?

Answer 6

• become aware of the sources of stress in your life
• relax daily
• take regular service
• balance your diet
• express your feelings
• discuss what is stressing you out with someone you trust

Question 7

What are the benefits of adequate sleep>

Answer 7

• we feel better
• we look better
• we have better concentration levels
• it improves our mood

Question 8

What is the importance of leisure?

Answer 8

• reduces stress
• allows you to learn new skills
• allows you to socialise
• reduces boredom

Question 9

Why do some people smoke>

Answer 9

• peer pressure
• curiosity
• image
• unaware of health risks

Question 10

What is an addiction?

Answer 10

An uncontrollable craving for something

Question 11

What are the harmful effects of smoking?

Answer 11

• lung cancer
• breathing difficulties: caused by tar
• heart disease
• high blood pressure
• emphysema:respiratory disease
• damage to unborn babies: can also cause miscarriages and stillborn babies

Question 12

What is passive smoking?

Answer 12

Passive smoking occurs when non-smokers inhale the smoke from a nearby smoker

Question 13

WHat are the steps taken to reduce smoking in Ireland?

Answer 13

• it is illegal to sell cigarettes to people under 18 years old
• it is illegal to smoke at a workplace
• advertising of cigarettes have been banned
• ten pack cigarettes no longer sold
• high taxes on cigarettes

Question 14

Why do young people abuse alcohol?

Answer 14

• alcohol gives them more confidence
• peer pressure
• availability of alcohol encourages people to abuse it
• curiosity
• some people feel it helps them to relax and teenagers are stressed because of exams

Question 15

What are the short-term effects of drinking?

Answer 15

• a person cannot think clearly and may take risks e.g drunk driving or sexual assault
• co-ordination and judgement are lost
• people lose self-control and make start fights
• very heavy drinking can cause unconsciousness and even death

Question 16

What are the long-term effects of alcohol abuse?

Answer 16

• addiction
• brain cells can become permanently damaged which effects memory
• cancer may develop in the mouth, gullet or liver
• depression
• unborn babies are damaged

Question 17

What a re the effects of alcohol abuse on society?

Answer 17

• increase in rate of crimes
• increase in road accidents
• absenteeism from work
• high cost to the state of treating alcohol related diseases

Question 18

What are the guidelines for sensible drinking?

Answer 18

• drink slowly
• drink in moderation and avoid getting drunk
• don’t put pressure on others to drink
• don’t drink on an empty stomach
• don’t drink and drive
• avoid buying rounds

Question 19

What are the steps to reduce alcohol consumption in Ireland?

Answer 19

• the intoxicating liquor act 2008 (restricts the sale and availability of alcohol
• it is illegal for people under 18 to buy alcohol
• off-license hours have been reduced
• children are not allowed into pubs after 9pm

Question 20

What are organisations that deal with alcohol abuse?

Answer 20

• Alcoholics Anonymous (support for alcoholics)
• Al-Anon(helps families of alcoholics)
• Alateen (helps children of alcoholic parents)

Question 21

Define drug

Answer 21

A drug is a chemical that changes how the body functions physically, mentally or emotionally

Question 22

What are the five main types of drugs?

Answer 22

• depressants: alcohol, cause sleepiness
• sedatives: sleeping tablets, have calming effect
• opiates: heroine, cause happy feeling
• Stimulants:cocaine, changes the body’s natural levels of energy and alertness
• hallucinogens: LSD+magic mushrooms, cause strange visions

Question 23

Reasons people take drugs

Answer 23

• curiosity
• peer pressure
• people want to escape from boredom or worry
• image
• people enjoy the effects of drugs

Question 24

What are controlled drugs?

Answer 24

Drugs that are available only available through a doctors prescription

Question 25

What is drug abuse?

Answer 25

Drug abuse is the use of a drug that damages some aspect of a person's life

Question 26

Effect of drugs on the body

Answer 26

- addiction - dependence - AIDS (spread through sharing needles) - death (overdose)

Question 27

What is the most dangerous way of taking a drug?

Answer 27

Injecting: high risk of overdosing and disease can spread if people share their needles

Question 28

Effects of drug use on family and society?

Answer 28

- family disruption caused if a person ends up in jail - many drug addicts turn to crime to get money for expensive drugs - costs of law enforcement and medical bills are high - absenteeism from work