For what did Florence Nightingale achieve fame in the mid-nineteenth century?
Her pioneering work in the field of nursing
The pilgrimage of millions to Lourdes, France, following Bernadette Soubirous’s visions of the Virgin Mary is representative of what new development within the Catholic church?
The modernization of the church, as it used tourism, railroads, and shopping centers to make the religious experience more up-to-date
After uprisings by minority nationalist groups, Tsar Alexander II insisted that minorities in the Russian Empire adopt the Russian language and culture, a policy known as
Russification.
What differentiated Karl Marx’s views about the possibilities for social change from those of utopian socialists?
Unlike utopian socialists, who believed in cooperation, Marx was a realist whose views were based on scientific analysis and who saw class struggle as the basis for social change.
The 1871 Paris Commune was promoted as a social revolution offering which of the following enticements?
The liberation of all workers, including women workers
Realism in the arts rejected which of the following?
Romanticism and fervent religious sentiment
The U.S. Civil War was fought over which major issues?
The preservation of the union and the abolition of slavery
Realism in the arts rejected which of the following?
Romanticism and fervent religious sentiment
What made the nineteenth-century Victorian culture such a unique social phenomenon?
Never before had a British monarch influenced popular mores and manners to such a degree.
Why did Otto von Bismarck grant Germans universal male suffrage despite his conservative principles?
He trusted that “ordinary” Germans would be more conservative and loyal to the monarchy than the liberals in the Prussian parliament.
The 1871 Paris Commune was promoted as a social revolution offering which of the following enticements?
The liberation of all workers, including women workers
What did Napoleon III offer Maximilian, the brother of the Austrian emperor Francis Joseph?
The imperial crown of Mexico
The pilgrimage of millions to Lourdes, France, following Bernadette Soubirous’s visions of the Virgin Mary is representative of what new development within the Catholic church?
The modernization of the church, as it used tourism, railroads, and shopping centers to make the religious experience more up-to-date
Which of the following was the most dramatic of Alexander II’s Great Reforms?
The emancipation of almost fifty million serfs
What were Napoleon III’s main international goals?
Overcoming the containment of France imposed by the Congress of Vienna and living up to the Bonaparte name by acquiring international territory
The pilgrimage of millions to Lourdes, France, following Bernadette Soubirous’s visions of the Virgin Mary is representative of what new development within the Catholic church?
The modernization of the church, as it used tourism, railroads, and shopping centers to make the religious experience more up-to-date
What did Napoleon III offer Maximilian, the brother of the Austrian emperor Francis Joseph?
The imperial crown of Mexico
Pope Pius IX and his Syllabus of Errors (1864) put the Catholic church at odds with
progress, liberalism, and modern civilization.
What was the target of Otto von Bismarck’s Kulturkampf in the 1870s?
Organized religion
Who was the pragmatic prime minister of Piedmont-Sardinia whose Realpolitik vision of Italian unification led him to seek Napoleon III’s assistance in overthrowing Austrian rule?
Camillo di Cavour
What frustrated Cavour’s nationalist ambitions following the rout of the Austrians by Italian and French forces?
Napoleon signed a treaty with Austria granting Lombardy, but not Venetia, to Piedmont.
The English social theorist Herbert Spencer (1820–1903) argued that
the unfit should be allowed to perish so as not to block the path of progress.
Why was Italian unification in 1861 led by the kingdom of Piedmont-Sardinia?
It had industry, a good economy, a strong army, and the backing of France.
How did Giuseppe Garibaldi help derail Napoleon III’s plan to prevent Italian unification?
He liberated Sicily and southern Italy with the assistance of his red-shirted volunteers and then threw his support behind King Victor Emmanuel.
