In 1911, Liberals in Britain initiated a new social policy funded by new taxes on the wealthy that was known as the
National Insurance Act, a system of relief for the unemployed.
What is one way in which Albert Einstein’s special theory of relativity challenged mainstream scientific principles?
It argued that space and time were not absolute categories, as scientists had always believed, but varied according to the vantage point of the observer.
What was the primary goal of Sinn Féin, which was founded in 1905?
to obtain complete Irish independence from Great Britain
The British theorist Havelock Ellis emerged as a practitioner of the new field of
sexology.
Why did British officials sponsor the Muslim League in India?
They wanted to divide Muslims and Hindus in the Indian National Congress.
Despite the fact that the overall population in the West was growing at the end of the nineteenth century,
the birthrate was falling in almost every country.
How did Russia respond to the rise of Japanese imperialism in the late nineteenth century?
By building the Trans-Siberian Railroad, sending Russian settlers eastward, and sponsoring anti-Japanese groups in Korea
Many educated Europeans at the turn of the twentieth century believed in a set of ideas called eugenics, which argued that
humans could produce “superior” people through selective breeding and that it was their national duty to prevent the disabled and other “inferior” degenerates from reproducing.
In which empire did the Young Turks come to power in 1908?
The Ottoman Empire
Like other expressionist art of the period, the Norwegian artist Edvard Munch’s painting The Scream (1893) conveyed
the political outrage and horror of modern life felt by many Europeans, particularly in the face of middle-class optimism.
Which of the following statements about the Balkans during the early twentieth century is supported by this map?
By 1912, the Ottoman Empire was composed of ethnically and culturally diverse peoples.
How did Russia respond to the rise of Japanese imperialism in the late nineteenth century?
By building the Trans-Siberian Railroad, sending Russian settlers eastward, and sponsoring anti-Japanese groups in Korea
How did Hungarian nationalists justify their claims for greater Hungarian influence (or Magyarization) in Austria-Hungary?
Budapest was a thriving industrial city, and the export of Hungarian grain had saved the monarchy’s finances.
Though peasants, industrial workers, professionals, and others participating in the Russian Revolution of 1905 had different goals, they united because of
violence against protesters and the tsar’s refusal to make genuine constitutional reforms.
Why did nationalist and anti-Semitic politics flourish in late-nineteenth-century Germany?
As agriculture declined due to industrialization and agrarian elites lost power, they blamed Jews for destroying traditional society.
What was the name given to the growing number of women who challenged accepted views of women’s dependence and seclusion in the home at the beginning of the twentieth century?
The New Woman
Violent attacks against Jews in Russia were known as
pogroms.
After a brief war in 1898, Spain lost Cuba, Puerto Rico, and the Philippines to which country?
The United States
At the beginning of the twentieth century, Europe found itself divided into two rigid diplomatic and military camps, the one “wild card” being
Great Britain.
What was the name given to the growing number of women who challenged accepted views of women’s dependence and seclusion in the home at the beginning of the twentieth century?
The New Woman
What belief about marriage became increasingly common among middle- and upper-class Europeans by the beginning of the twentieth century?
That children should select their own marriage partners
Why did German leaders support Austria-Hungary’s ultimatum to Serbia and its subsequent declaration of war in the wake of the assassination of Archduke Francis Ferdinand in June 1914?
They hoped to keep France, Britain, and Russia out of the war, ensuring a short conflict that would give them new territory and help consolidate conservative rule in Germany.
The South African War (or Boer War), which ended with Britain’s defeat of the Boers in 1902, began when
Cecil Rhodes ordered a raid into the Transvaal to stir up conflict between the Boers and British immigrants.
How did the Boxer Uprising in 1900 affect European relations with China?
After European colonial powers put down the uprising, the Qing dynasty was discredited, leading to its overthrow and the eventual weakening of Western imperialism.
