What changes did Lenin and the Bolshevik government institute in Russia after the Bolshevik Revolution in the fall of 1917?
They used troops to take over the government, limited elected candidates to members of the Communist Party, abolished private property, and nationalized factories.
Of all the penalties imposed by the Treaty of Versailles, the one that generated the most outrage in Germany was the
so-called war guilt clause.
In 1916, the battles at Verdun and the Somme not only accounted for more than two million soldiers dead and wounded, but they also reflected
military leaders’ belief that the war could be won by persistent overwhelming assaults.
In 1921, after three years of fighting Irish republicans, the British drew up a treaty that
made Ireland a self-governing dominion and let Northern Ireland retain seats in the British Parliament.
In April 1917, the Germans moved to destabilize Russia by
providing safe rail transportation back to Russia for V. I. Lenin and other Bolsheviks.
The recreation of Poland after World War I, as evidenced by this map, brought with it
ethnic tensions.
Which of the following statements regarding World War I is supported by this map?
The western front stabilized along the eastern border of France.
One of the main tasks of the League of Nations was the administration of the mandate system, which entailed
exercising political control over the former colonies and territories of Germany and the Ottoman Empire, which the Europeans claimed were not yet capable of self-governance.
What impact did World War I have on European colonialism?
It convinced Europeans of the necessity of their colonies but also pushed colonized peoples who had fought in the war to demand more rights and even independence.
How did Lenin’s New Economic Policy (NEP) break with his war communism policy?
It reversed the policy of absolute nationalization and allowed some free-market activity.
How did Lenin’s New Economic Policy (NEP) break with his war communism policy?
It reversed the policy of absolute nationalization and allowed some free-market activity.
Why did right-wing parties have less influence in France and Britain than elsewhere in Europe?
Parliamentary institutions were better established in France and Britain, and their upper classes were not plotting to restore authoritarian monarchies.
What was the single most significant aspect of German military policy in terms of its provocative effect on the United States and subsequent U.S. involvement in the war?
Unrestricted submarine warfare
The abdication of Tsar Nicholas II in March 1917 and the collapse of the Romanov dynasty in Russia led to
the creation of the Provisional Government, made up of aristocratic and middle-class politicians from the old Duma.
Which of the following was true of post-World War I European economies?
Although the European economies were weakened, the war forced industry to become more productive and efficient.
Of all the penalties imposed by the Treaty of Versailles, the one that generated the most outrage in Germany was the
so-called war guilt clause.
The Russian civil war pitted which two groups against each other?
The pro-Bolshevik “Reds” against the “Whites,” who were made up of an array of forces that wanted to turn back the revolution, including the tsarist military leadership
U.S. president Woodrow Wilson’s Fourteen Points called for
a fair settlement for Germany and a restructuring of the European system that emphasized open diplomacy, arms reduction, and self-determination for national groups.
What did the German high command do in October 1918 to deflect blame for Germany’s total defeat away from the military?
They helped create an inexperienced civilian government and then claimed that weak-willed civilians had dealt the military a “stab in the back” by forcing a surrender.
In many European countries, women were “rewarded” for their efforts in World War I with which of the following new rights?
The right to vote
The Peace of Paris, which was composed of a cluster of individual treaties negotiated between 1919 and 1920, redrew the map of Europe in which of the following ways?
The treaties broke up the Ottoman and Habsburg Empires, separating Austria and Hungary and creating several weak, independent states in central Europe, such as Czechoslovakia and a reconstructed Poland.
Which of the following is an example of how European governments mobilized civilians on the home front to help fight World War I?
War ministries set up boards to draft both men and women to work in factories to keep industrial production moving.
According to this map, which of the following territories did Russia lose after the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk?
Poland
At the outbreak of World War I, France, Great Britain, and which other country made up the Allied Powers?
Russia
