Chapter 4

Question 1

What is the induced-fit hypothesis

Answer 1

The active site of the enzyme actually changes shape slightly as the substrate enters.

Question 2

What are Intracellular enzymes

Answer 2

Enzymes that act within cells

Question 3

What are extracellular enzymes

Answer 3

Enzymes that act out the cell

Question 4

What is an example of an extracellular enzyme

Answer 4

Enzymes involved in digestion such as amylase and trypsin

Question 5

Describe the method into breaking down starch

Answer 5

Starch polymers broken down into Maltose by amylase

Maltose is then broken down again to make glucose due to the enzyme maltase

Question 6

How is amylase made

Answer 6

Salivary glands and the pancreas

Question 7

What is trypsin

Answer 7

A type of enzyme that catalyses the digestion of proteins into smaller peptides which can then be broken down into amino acids

Question 8

Where is trypsin made

Answer 8

Produced in the pancreas and released with the pancreatic juice into the small intestine

Question 9

What is the temperature coefficient Q10

Answer 9

Is a measure of how much the rate of reaction increases with 10 degrees in temperarture

Question 10

What are the three factors which affect enzyme activity

Answer 10

Temperature

Concentration

Ph

Question 11

What is pH in terms of affecting enzyme activity

Answer 11

A change in pH refers to a change in hydrogen ion concentration

Question 12

What is enzyme concentration affect on ROR
2 points

Answer 12

The rate of reaction increases as

there is more active site for substances to bind to

Question 13

Why does enzyme concentration has no effect on ROR after a while

Answer 13

This is because the substrate becomes the limiting reactor

Question 14

What is substrate concentration affect on ROR
3 points

Answer 14

As concentration of substrate increases

the ROR increases

as more enzyme-substrate complex is formed

Question 15

What is an inhibitor
2 points

Answer 15

A substance which slows down or stops a reaction

by affecting the binding of substrate to the enzymes

Question 16

What is competitive inhibitor
2 points

Answer 16

A molecule which as the same shape as the substrate

takes the place in the active site so the reaction cannot occur

Question 17

What is non-competitive inhibitor
3 points

Answer 17

The inhibitor binds to the allostertic site

which changes the shape of the active site

so the active site wont be complimentry to the substrate

Question 18

What is a prosthetic group and an example

Answer 18

Molecules which are attached to the enzyme

An example is haem and having iron which helps to bind oxygen

Question 19

What are activators

Answer 19

Are inorganic metal ions which binds the enzyme and alters its active site

Question 20

What is a coenzyme

Answer 20

An organic cofactor which helps to facilitate the binding of the substrate to the enzyme

Question 21

What is temperature coefficent

Answer 21

A method of calculating an increase in reaction rate after a 10 degree temp increase

Question 22

What are the four levels of protein structure?

Answer 22

The four levels of protein structure are primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary

Question 23

What type of bond is responsible for secondary structure?

Answer 23

Hydrogen bonding