Chapter 5

Question 1

What is Compartmentalisation

Answer 1

The formation of seperate membrane bound areas in a cell

Question 2

Why is compartmentalisation important

Answer 2

promotes metabolic efficiency

Question 3

What is the plasma memebrane

Answer 3

Cell surface membrane that seperates cell from external environment

Question 4

What forms membranes

Answer 4

Phospholipid bilayer

Question 5

What does fluid mosaic model help describe

Answer 5

Passive and active movement between cells

cell-to-cell interactions

cell signalling

Question 6

3 Features of phospholipids

Answer 6

Act as a barrier to most water soluble substances

hydrophobic and hydrophillic

signilling molecules

Question 7

What is the structure of cholestrol

Answer 7

Lipid with hydrophillic end and hydrophobic end

Question 8

What is facilitated diffusion, and how does it differ from simple diffusion?

2 points

Answer 8

Simple diffusion is the direct transport of molecules across the cell membrane that is allowed by the cell membrane.

Facilitated diffusion, on the other hand, occurs through the action of transmembrane proteins such as carrier proteins,

Question 9

What happens to an animal cell in a hypertonic solution?

Answer 9

When a cell placed in hypertonic solution (has more solutes that cell), the cell will shrink because water moves out, firstly from the cytoplasm and then from the vacuole.

Question 10

Describe active transport and how it differs from passive transport.

Answer 10

Active transport requires energy for the movement of molecules whereas passive transport does not require energy for the movement of molecules.

Question 11

What is endocytosis?

Answer 11

Endocytosis is the process by which cells take in substances from outside of the cell by engulfing them in a vesicle

Question 12

What is exocytosis

Answer 12

Exocytosis is the process of moving materials from within a cell to the exterior of the cell.

Question 13

How do carrier proteins work?

Answer 13

binding to a specific molecule, changing shape, and then releasing the molecule on the other side of the membrane, either down a concentration gradient (facilitated diffusion) or against it (active transport)