Chapter 6

Question 1

What is Mitosis

Answer 1

Form of cell division that produces identical cells

Question 2

what are the 4 stages of mitosis

Answer 2

Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase

Question 3

What is cytokenesis

Answer 3

Organelles move to opposite sides and the cytoplasm divides

Question 4

What is interphase

Answer 4

Cell grows and prepares to divide

Chromosomes begin to condense

Question 5

What is prophase

2 points

Answer 5

Nuclear envelope and chromosomes condenses

Centrioles move to opposite poles for spindle formation

Question 6

What is metaphase

Answer 6

Chromosomes move to equator and attach to the spindle fibres

Question 7

What is anaphase

Answer 7

Sister Chromatids are sepersted

Question 8

What is telophase

3 points

Answer 8

Nuclear envelope reforms

Spindle is broken down

Chromosomes uncoil

Question 9

What is meiosis

3 points

Answer 9

A form of cell division which gives rises to genetic variation

Made up of 1&2 PMAT

Four HAPLOID gametes are generated from a diploid cell

Question 10

What is crossing over chromatids

Answer 10

Where pairs of chromosomes line up and exchange some of their genetic material

Question 11

What is interpendent assortment of chromosomes

Answer 11

There are various combinations of chromosome arrangement

Question 12

What is prophase 1

Answer 12

Same as prophase

Crossing over of chromosomes

Question 13

What is metaphase 1

Answer 13

Where each pair of bivalents align at equator and is random

Question 14

What is anaphase 1

Answer 14

Homologous chromosomes seperate

Question 15

What is telophase 1

Answer 15

The nuclear envelope reforms around haploid nuclei containing half the number of chromosomes

Question 16

What is metaphase 2

Answer 16

Individual chromosomes assemble on the metaphase plate

Question 17

Why is metaphase 2 significant

3 points

Answer 17

As, when the chromosomes cross over, the chromatids are no longer identical

so there is independent assortment again

and more genetic variation produced in metaphase 2

Question 18

What is anaphase 2

Answer 18

Chromatids being pulled of individual chromosome by the centrioles

Question 19

What is telophase 2

3 points

Answer 19

where the chromosomes uncoil and form chromatin

nuclear envelope reforms

nucleous becomes visible

Question 20

How is red blood cell specialised

Answer 20

Biconcave shape to overcome the limit of SA:V ratio

Question 21

How is neutrophillis speciallised

2 points

Answer 21

Multi-lobed nucleus to squeeze through gaps

cytoplasm contains lysosomes which contain enzymes to help fight pathogens

Question 22

How is paliside cell specialised

Answer 22

Has lots of chloroplasts

Question 23

How are root hair cells specialised

Answer 23

Thicker on one side so it does not change shape symetrically

Question 24

How is the xylem specialised

Answer 24

strenghtened with lignin

Question 25

What is the muscle specialsied for

Answer 25

Movement through contraction

Question 26

What is the nervous for

Answer 26

Spesialised for impulse conduction

Question 27

What are stem cells

Answer 27

Undifferentiated cells which are genentically identical to change into any type of cell

Question 28

Where can stem cells be found

Answer 28

Bone marrow

Question 29

What is unique about stem cells from bone marrow

Answer 29

can only make eryhtocytes and neutrophilis

Question 30

Where are stem cells found in plants

Answer 30

Meristems

Question 31

How many chromosomes does the human body have

Answer 31

22 pairs of homologous chromosomes and a pair of sex chromosomes

Question 32

What is totipotent

Answer 32

Stem cells can change into any type of cell

Question 33

What is pluripotent

Answer 33

Stem cells can form into any type of tissue but not whole organism

Question 34

What is multipotent

Answer 34

These stem cells can only form a range of cells within a certain type of tissue