chapter 4

Question 1

what is personality ?

Answer 1

internal patterns that shape a person’s thoughts, emotions & behaviours

Question 2

what are traits ?

Answer 2

specific recurring characteristics within a person (ex. easy going, polite)

Question 3

what are cultural values ?

Answer 3

shared beliefs in a culture about what is desirable & how ppl should behave

Question 4

what is culture ?

Answer 4

shape how personality traits are expressed (“where were from”)

Question 5

what is ability ?

Answer 5

captures what people can do at a given point in time

Question 6

what are the big 5 traits ?

Answer 6

1. conscientiousness: organizes, reliable, hard worker (low: careless, lazy, sloppy)
2. agreeableness: kind, helpful, cooperative (low: rude, selfish, cold)
3. neuroticism: nervous, insecure, unstable (low: relax, calm, at ease)
4. opens the experience: curious, creative, imaginative (low: simple, traditional)
5. extraversion: social talkative, bold (low: quiet, shy reserved)

Question 7

which of the 5 big traits is the strongest predictor of job performance ?

Answer 7

conscientiousness !!!
positively related with accomplishment striving & long term success

Question 8

what does conscientious ppl prioritize the most ?

Answer 8

accomplishment striving: expressing their personality by accomplishing task related goals

Question 9

what do agreeable people prioritize the most ?

Answer 9

communion striving: desire to connect w & be approved by others (expressed through their personality)

Question 10

which of the 5 big traits is the 2nd strongest predictor of job performance ?

Answer 10

neuroticism !!
negatively correlated with performance

Question 11

what do extraverted people prioritize the most ?

Answer 11

status striving: strive to obtain power & influence to express who they are

Question 12

neuroticism is strongly related to what ?

Answer 12

locus on control: whether people believe events are caused by them-selves or external factors

external factors: believe in bad luck, change, fate

Question 13

what is self esteem ?

Answer 13

evaluation of self-wroth (influences confidence & perseverance)

Question 14

what is self-monitoring ?

Answer 14

ability to adjust behaviour to social cues

Question 15

what is situation strength ?

Answer 15

how much rules & expectations limit how personality shows up

Question 16

what is implication ?

Answer 16

personality influences behaviour more in weak situations than in strong ones

Question 17

what is the goal of the 5 cultural dimensions ?

Answer 17

identify how shared values influence behaviours across different cultures

Question 18

what are the 5 cultural dimensions (by Hofstede)

Answer 18

1. individualism-collectivism
2. power distance
3. uncertainty avoidance
4. masculinity-femininity
5. short term vs vs long term orientation

Question 19

describe individualism-collectivism

Answer 19

• individualistic: loose community people take care of themselves & their immediate family
• collectivistic: tight community, people take care of border group & show loyalty

Question 20

describe power distance

Answer 20

• low: prefer equal distribution of power
• high: accept unequal power distribution

Question 21

describe uncertainty avoidance

Answer 21

• low: comfortable with uncertainty & new ideas
• high: prefer rules & stability to reduce uncertainty

Question 22

describe masculinity vs femininity

Answer 22

• masculine: value assertiveness & material success
• feminine: value aging, quality of life & relationships

Question 23

describe short term vs long term orientation

Answer 23

• short term: focus on tradition & fulfilling obligations
• long term: focus on future goals determination & frugality

Question 24

what is work centrality ?

Answer 24

• heavily focused on work
• eat & breath my job

Question 25

what is cognitive ability ?

Answer 25

- related to application of knowledge in problem solving - relevant in jobs that involve decision making

Question 26

what re the 5 types of cognitive ability ?

Answer 26

1. verbal: communicating through words 2. quantitive: good w numbers & math 3. reasoning: solving problems, recognizing issues 4. spatial: imagine 3d models in ur head 5. perceptual: quick at making sense of info & spotting patterns

Question 27

what is the general cognitive ability (G factor) ?

Answer 27

reflects how **effectively** a person's brain processes information

Question 28

what are the different types of emotional ability/intelligence ?

Answer 28

- self-awareness: recognize ur own emotions - other awareness: recognize emotions in others - emotion regulation: control/adjust emotion appropriately - use of emotions: utilize emotions to help achieve goals

Question 29

what is emotion ability/intelligence ?

Answer 29

person's ability to effective perceive, understand, use & manage emotions

Question 30

what are 6 types of physical ability ?

Answer 30

1. strength: muscle power 2. stamina: endurance over time 3. flexibility: bending & twisting body 4. coordination: movement of multiple limbs tgt 5. psychomotor: steady hands, making precise adjustment while operating machines 6. sensory: vision, hearing, touch, etc.