structures common to ALL cells
plasma membrane
cytoplasm
genetic material
ribosomes
Prokaryotes
archaea and bacteria domains
-origin of life, small and simple
-single celled
-no internal membrane bound structures
prokaryotic cell wall
peptido glycan protects wall rigidity
prokaryotic capsule
layers of carbs outside cell for protection
eukaryotic cells
plant and animal
single and multicelled
-contain many membrane bound organelles
nucleus
membrane bound
found in eukaryotic cells
-houses DNA and RNA
nucleolus
within nucleus
non-membrane bound
-RNA synthesis and ribosome assembly
mitochondria
produce ATP
eukaryotes contain at least one
-allows bodies to produce things and have reactions
endoplasmic reticulum
ER
produces a variety of molecules composed of Rough ER and Smooth ER
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
continuous with nuclear membrane and studded with ribosomes
-protein sythesis
-after the RER they transfer to the golgi apparatus for further sorting and delivery
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
extends from the rough to form a network of tubules
-various synthetic processes
-detox
golgi apparatus
works in partnership with ER
-refines, stores and distributes products of cells
vacuole
found in plants, fungi, protists
-sacs filled with water and stored materials
central vacuole
in plants
-stores water
-allows cells to regulate size and shape
contractile vacuole
in protists (unicellular)
-pump water in and out
chloroplast
in all plants & protists (not fungi and animals)
- performs photosynthesis
- -contain their own set of DNA
lysosomes
-engulf and break down
- digest macromolecules
- recycle worn out organelles, destroy pathogens
cytoskeleton
internal framework
-determines cell shape
-supports organelles
-provides machinery for cellular movement
endosymbiosis
organisms form a symbiotic relationship with another cell or organism
-both a parties benefit
endosymbiotic cell theory
mitochondria and chloroplasts origniated form a bacteria cell taking residency in a eurkaryotic cell.
