Chapter 5 - 1

Question 1

1. The system for patient PHI that can be shared outside the healthcare facility and among many systems is the electronic health record (EHR).

A. True
B. False

Answer 1

A. True

Question 2

2. Personal information collected from a patient that will assist in his or her care is stored in the radiology information system (RIS).

A. True
B. False

Answer 2

B. False

Question 3

3. Transmission devices need to have the capacity to handle the volume of images, delivered within a reasonable timeframe and, can check for errors.

A. True
B. False

Answer 3

A. True

Question 4

4. Vendor neutral archives (VNA) require duplicate files be placed in a remote location for recovery in case of a disaster and the primary files are lost.

A. True
B. False

Answer 4

B. False

Question 5

5. Teleradiology is not a recommended practice due to the lack of effective communication between the teleradiologists and the imaging professionals on site.

A. True
B. False

Answer 5

B. False

Question 6

6. Reversible image compression means there is some loss of image data at the end user.

A. True
B. False

Answer 6

B. False

Question 7

7. Health information that can be linked to an individual must be secured and protected.

A. True
B. False

Answer 7

A. True

Question 8

8. Primary display monitors should exhibit a minimum luminance of 1.0 cd/m², a maximum luminance of 350 cd/m² and a luminance ratio (LR) greater than 250.

A. True
B. False

Answer 8

A. True

Question 9

9. Proper collimation prior to radiation exposure is important and should not be replaced with electronic masking.

A. True
B. False

Answer 9

A. True

Question 10

10. Overuse of digital image post-processing can drastically and negatively alter the data set and may reduce the diagnostic and archival quality of the data.

A. True
B. False

Answer 10

A. True

Question 11

11. It is a standard practice for radiographers to use alternative algorithms before sending the digital image for diagnostic interpretation. The quality of the digital image is always improved.

A. True
B. False

Answer 11

B. False

Question 12

12. Once the data is in digital format, there is no difference between image processing and display between CR and DR.

A. True
B. False

Answer 12

A. True

Question 13

13. Important challenges of PACS include:

A. disaster recovery and archive
B. disaster recovery and storage
C. archive and storage
D. all options are correct

Answer 13

D. all options are correct

Question 14

14. Information that should be included on digital images in the DICOM header include:

A. identification number and total number of study images
B. identification number and accession number
C. total number of study images and accession number
D. all options are correct

Answer 14

D. all options are correct

Question 15

15. Security of protected health information (PHI) include:

A. authorization and anonymization
B. authorization and authentication
C. anonymization and authentication
D. all options are correct

Answer 15

D. all options are correct

Question 16

16. The DICOM GSDF is used to evaluate the:

A. display monitor
B. Image receptor
C. histogram analysis
D. digital imaging system

Answer 16

A. display monitor

Question 17

17. A display workstation used for image interpretation should have features such as:

A. panning and windowing
B. panning and annotation
C. windowing and annotation
D. all options are correct

Answer 17

D. all options are correct

Question 18

18. The communication standard for information sharing between PACS and imaging modalities is the:

A. JPG.
B. HL7.
C. DICOM.
D. RIS.

Answer 18

C. DICOM.

Question 19

19. The communication standard for medical information is:

A. PACS.
B. HL7.
C. DICOM.
D. RIS.

Answer 19

B. HL7.

Question 20

20. The computer system designed to distribute, store, and display digital images is:

A. PACS.
B. HL7.
C. DICOM.
D. RIS.

Answer 20

A. PACS.

Question 21

21. Standards established to protect the privacy and confidentiality of patient’s information is known as:

A. Protected health information
B. Radiology informatics
C. Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act
D. Hospital information system

Answer 21

C. Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act

Question 22

22. Data management for radiology services both within and outside the healthcare system is known as:

A. protected health information and radiology informatics
B. protected health information and imaging informatics
C. radiology informatics and imaging informatics
D. all options are correct

Answer 22

C. radiology informatics and imaging informatics

Question 23

23. __________ is a measurement of the light intensity (brightness) emitted from the surface of the display monitor.

A. Aspect ratio
B. Luminance
C. Pixel density
D. Ambient lighting

Answer 23

B. Luminance

Question 24

24. Diagnostic interpretation should be done at a high-resolution __________ display monitor.

A. 1 megapixel
B. 2 megapixel
C. 5 megapixel
D. 15 megapixel

Answer 24

C. 5 megapixel

Question 25

25. Important features of the display monitor used for diagnostic interpretation include: A. Display monitor resolution and display size B. Display monitor resolution and pixel pitch C. Display size and pixel pitch D. All options are correct

Answer 25

D. All options are correct

Question 26

26. Increasing the window width will result in an image with: A. lower contrast. B. higher contrast. C. decreased brightness. D. increased brightness.

Answer 26

A. lower contrast.

Question 27

27. Changing the window level on the displayed image will: A. improve contrast. B. decrease quantum noise C. alter brightness D. Improve spatial resolution

Answer 27

C. alter brightness

Question 28

28. The distracting area of increased brightness surrounding a displayed image can be removed from the displayed digital image by: A. collimation and electronic masking B. collimation and shuttering C. electronic masking and shuttering D. All options are correct

Answer 28

C. electronic masking and shuttering

Question 29

29. Sources of digital imaging artifacts include: A. scratches on the IP and malfunction of IP transport mechanism B. scratches on the IP and calibration of DR detector elements C. malfunction of IP transport mechanism and calibration of DR detector elements D. all options are correct

Answer 29

D. all options are correct

Question 30

30. This post-processing technique improves the visibility of small, high contrast structures. A. Smoothing B. Contrast enhancement C. Edge enhancement D. Subtraction

Answer 30

C. Edge enhancement

Question 31

31. This post-processing technique reduces the visibility of image noise. A. Smoothing B. Contrast enhancement C. Edge enhancement D. Subtraction

Answer 31

A. Smoothing

Question 32

32. In order to improve the quality of the displayed image, LUTs: A. alter the pixel values of the exposure histogram to match the reference histogram. B. use the flat field correction to correct the pixel values. C. use exposure field recognition and segmentation to alter the image data. D. remove the grid lines.

Answer 32

A. alter the pixel values of the exposure histogram to match the reference histogram.

Question 33

33. The _______ provides a method of altering the brightness and grayscale of the digital image. A. histogram B. lookup table C. exposure indicator D. matrix

Answer 33

B. lookup table

Question 34

34. Based on the histogram analysis, consistent image brightness is accomplished through: A. adjustment of window width. B. automatic rescaling. C. manipulation of the exposure indicator. D. manipulation of the LUT.

Answer 34

B. automatic rescaling

Question 35

35. What factors may influence the exposure indicator (EI)? A. collimation and centering B. collimation and focal spot size C. centering and focal spot size D. all options are correct

Answer 35

A. collimation and centering

Question 36

36. Which of the following deviation index (DI) values indicate excessive exposure: A. 2.5 B. +3 C. 200 D. 2000

Answer 36

B. +3

Question 37

37. A value that reflects the difference between the desired or target exposure to the IR and the actual exposure to the IR is the: A. EI (Carestream). B. IgM (Agfa). C. S number (Fuji). D. deviation index (DI).

Answer 37

D. deviation index (DI)

Question 38

38. Which of the following exposure indicators demonstrate a logarithmic relationship with exposure to the IP? A. EI (Carestream) and IgM (Agfa) B. EI (Carestream) and S number (Fuji) C. IgM (Agfa) and S number (Fuji) D. All options are correct

Answer 38

A. EI (Carestream) and IgM (Agfa)

Question 39

39. Which of the following changes in the exposure indicator values does NOT represent a doubling of radiation exposure to the IR? A. S number (Fuji) changing from 200 to 400 B. S number (Fuji) changing from 400 to 200 C. EI (Carestream) changing from 1200 to 1500 D. EI (Carestream) changing from 1500 to 1800

Answer 39

A. S number (Fuji) changing from 200 to 400

Question 40

40. The numerical value indicating the level of radiation exposure to the digital IR is the: A. VOI. B. histogram. C. exposure indicator. D. LUT.

Answer 40

C. exposure indicator

Question 41

41. The range of the histogram data set that should be included in the displayed image is determined by the: A. LUT. B. EI. C. VOIs. D. LCD.

Answer 41

C. VOIs.

Question 42

42. The process that uses computer algorithms to compare with stored (reference) histograms is known as: A. values of interest (VOI) B. histogram analysis C. lookup tables (LUT) D. data management

Answer 42

B. histogram analysis

Question 43

43. Factors that affect the location and shape of the histogram include: A. collimation and positioning B. collimation and anatomic area imaged C. positioning and anatomic area imaged D. all options are correct

Answer 43

D. all options are correct

Question 44

44. The y-axis of the histogram graph represents: A. range of pixel values B. incidence (frequency) of pixel values C. image brightness levels D. image contrast

Answer 44

B. incidence (frequency) of pixel values

Question 45

45. The shape of the histogram represents: A. range of pixel values B. incidence (frequency) of pixel values C. image brightness levels D. image contrast

Answer 45

D. image contrast

Question 46

46. The location of the histogram along the x-axis represents: A. range of pixel values B. incidence (frequency) of pixel values C. image brightness levels D. image contrast

Answer 46

C. image brightness levels

Question 47

47. The histogram is a graphic representation of the ____________. A. sampling frequency B. range and incidence of pixel values C. deviation index value D. look up table

Answer 47

B. range and incidence of pixel values

Question 48

48. Because of the electronic components of a DR image receptor, imperfections can lead to ____________: A. artifacts and scatter B. artifacts and malfunctioning pixels C. scatter and malfunctioning pixels D. all options are correct

Answer 48

B. artifacts and malfunctioning pixels

Question 49

49. What digital image processing stage prepares the raw data for processing and display? A. compression B. histogram C. post-processing D. pre-processing

Answer 49

D. pre-processing

Question 50

50. Digital image processing refers to: A. computer manipulations applied to digital data. B. creation of the digital latent image. C. chemical processing of the digital image. D. acquisition of the latent image.

Answer 50

A. computer manipulations applied to digital data.