neurotransmitter
chemical that makes a nerve signal across a synapse
motor neurons
efferent, from the brain to muscle/glands
sensory neurons
afferent, from sense organs to the brain
layers of the meninges
tough mother - duramater arachnoid mater: spider mother
gentle mother - piamater
glial cells
- microglia (little)
- ependymal (skin)
- astrocytes (big, large amount)
- oligodendrocytes (cns)
- satellite cells (holding things together)
- schwam cells
parts of the brain stem
midbrain, pons, medulla obongata
function of the spinal cord
pathway for nerve impulses traveling to & from the brain, reflex center
2 divisions of peripheral N.S.
autonomic nervous & somatic nervous
largest & longest nerve
sciatic
mechanoreceptors
mechanical stimuli
photorecptors
light
chemorecptors
chemical
thermoreptors
temperature
nociceptors
send pain signals, located everywhere except brain
autonomic N.S.
controls glands, cardiac smooth muscles
parasympathetic N.S.
rest digest, counteracts sympathetic
sympathetic N.S
fight/flight/freeze/fawn, supplies glands, involuntary muscle (organs vessels)
reflex & reflex arc
reflex: simplest form of nervous activity, includes 1 sensory & 1 motor nerve
arc: pathway of a reflex
multiple sclerosis
occurs in young adult & results from the breakdown of the myelin sheath
epilepsy
a neurologic condition in which there is an abnormal electrical activity in the CNS without apparent tissue abnormalities
cerebrovascular accident (CVA)
or stroke, is caused by a blood clot or ruptured blood vessel in or around the brain that subsequently destroys nerve tissue
polio
affects the motor neurons of the medulla oblongata spinal cord - results in paralysis of related
quadriplegia
PARALYSIS in arms and legs
paraplegia
paralysis lower extremities
