endocardium
the thin, innermost layer of the heart
myocardium
the cardiac muscle
pericardium
a double-layered membrane that encloses the heart (around the outside of the heart)
valves of the heart
- aortic valve - semiLunar
- pulmonary valve - semiLunar
- tricuspid valve
- bicuspid valve
vasodilation
the relaxation & enlargement of the arterial walls - dilates veins (gets wider)
vasoconstriction
the contraction of the arterial walls (gets more narrow) ~ serotonin
arteries
large - blood away from heart
arterioles
small - blood away from the heart
capillaries
smallest - in between
venules
small - blood to the heart
veins
large - blood to the heart
pulmonary circulation
pulmonary artery take un-oxygenated blood to heart
pulmonary vein take oxygenated blood away from the heart
locate & name important blood vessels
- carotid artery - head & neck
- jugular veins - neck
- subclavian arteries & veins - shoulders & chest
- radial/ulnar arteries - forearms
- aorta - chest cavity/midline
- vena cava - midline/below heart (superior + inferior)
locate & name important blood vessels
- iliac arteries & veins - lower body
- femoral artery - legs
- anterior & posterior tibial arteries - lower legs
- great saphenous vein - legs
blood cells & functions
- red blood cells(rbc) - carry oxygen from lungs to body cells, transports CO2 from cells to lungs (erythrocytes)
- platelets - play important role of clotting of blood over wound (thrombocyte)
- white blood cells - protect body against disease (leukocytes)
chief functions of blood
- carries 02, food & secretions throughout body
- CO2 & waste products to be eliminated
- equalize body temp
- protect body from harmful bacteria through WBC
- COAGULATES
right side
v - ein
a - trium
v - alve
v - entriele
a - rtery
left side
v - ein
a - trium
v - alve
v - entricle
a - rtery
pathologies
aneurysm - bulge in vessel (balloon)
edema - (swelling)
hematoma - pooled blood
myocardial infarction - heart attack
aplastic anemia - bone marrow is failing to produce RBC
hemorrhagic anemia - due to blood loss
pernicious anemia - lack of b12
hiv - urus - attacks immune system
aids - disease (acquired immune deficiency syndrome
lymphedema - build up of lymph
pathologies
stroke - brain bleed
atherosclerosis - plaque buildup
phlebitis/thrombophlebitis - vein inflammation/blood clot
varicose veins - enlarged veins
hemophilia - poor clotting, excessive bleeding
how is aids diagnosed
CD4 + T-cells falls below 200 mm3 of blood (immune fighters are too low)
lymph system parts
nodes
ducts
trunks
(subclavian vein)
lacteals
lymph
lymphocytes
