ec: 3 types of muscle
- smooth
- cardiac
- skeletal
ec: functions of muscular system
breathing, moving fluids, transport food, providing stability, producing energy & heat, shape/support
characteristics of muscles
irritability, contractility, elasticity, extensibility
irritability
the capacity of muscles to receive & react to stimuli
contractility
the ability of a muscle to contract or shorten & thereby exert force
elasticity
refers to the tissues ability to return to normal resting length when a stress that has been placed on it is removed
extensibility
the ability of a muscle to stretch
sarcoplasmic reticulum (cutiebag)
a network of membranous channels
–> releases calcium ions
–> causes muscle contration
mitochondria
- power house of the cell
- aerobic takes place here
aerobic
- mitochondria
- using oxygen
anaerobic
- absence of oxygen
- fatigue
- creates oxygen debt
fiber types
- type I: slow, red, slow to fatigued, high capillary content, high mitochondria, high myoglobin (postural)
fiber types
- type IIa: chicken
- type II b: fast, white fast fatigue, low m.g., m.t.c, capden (phasic)
2 basic categories of muscle fiber alignment
parallel - ======
- fusiform
- circular
- triangular
pinnate
- unipennate
- bipennate
- multipennate
insertion
- more moveable end of muscle (distal)
origin
- more stable end of muscle attachment (proximal)
isometric (iso=the same)
(metric=measurement)
NO MOVEMENT
isotonic (tonic=tone)
distance between ends of muscles changes
concentric
distance decreases (contracts)
eccentric
distance increases (extends)
agonist
muscle causing an isolated, specific action
antagonist
muscle causing the opposite action
synergist
muscle assisting the prime mover
