chapter 5

Question 1

anatomical position

Answer 1

-standing upright
-head and eyes stright forward
-upper limb hanging at side with palms forward
-legs forward and feet forward

Question 2

anterior

Answer 2

ventral
-forward or front part

Question 3

posterior

Answer 3

dorsal
-back part

Question 4

proximal

Answer 4

closer to a point of attachment or origin

Question 5

distal

Answer 5

farthest point of attachment or origin

Question 6

superior

Answer 6

near the head or above

Question 7

inferior

Answer 7

near the feet or below

Question 8

cephalic

Answer 8

refers to parts toward the head
-angulations toward the head

Question 9

caudad or caudal

Answer 9

refers to parts away from the head (towards feet)
-angulations away from the head

Question 10

medial

Answer 10

toward the median plane of the body or toward middle of a body part

Question 11

lateral

Answer 11

away from the median plane or away from the middle of the body or body part.

Question 12

superficial

Answer 12

closer to the surface

Question 13

deep

Answer 13

farther away from the surface

Question 14

central

Answer 14

mid area or the main part of an organ

Question 15

peripheral

Answer 15

at or near the surface, edge or outside of another body part

Question 16

internal

Answer 16

inside the body

Question 17

external

Answer 17

outside the body

Question 18

visceral

Answer 18

covering of an organ
EX= visceral pleura is innermost covering of lungs

Question 19

parietal

Answer 19

the wall or lining of a body cavity
EX=parietal pleura outside the cavity

Question 20

unilateral

Answer 20

one side

Question 21

bilateral

Answer 21

two sides

Question 22

ipsilateral

Answer 22

same side of body

Question 23

contralateral

Answer 23

opposite sides of the body

Question 24

palmer surface

Answer 24

palm of the hand

Question 25

plantar surface

Answer 25

sole of the foot

Question 26

projection

Answer 26

path of the central ray (CR) as it exits the x ray tube, passing through patient to the image receptor (IR) -entrance and exit points

Question 27

projection method

Answer 27

refers to a specific radiographic projection developed by an individual

Question 28

position

Answer 28

overall posture of the patient or general body position -refers to the specific placement of the body or part in relation to the IR or table

Question 29

**AP** projection

Answer 29

beam enters *anterior* of patient and exits *posterior* -**anteroposterior projection**

Question 30

**PA** projection

Answer 30

beam enters *posterior* to patient and exits *anterior* - **Posteroanterior projection**

Question 31

axial projection

Answer 31

when an angle is added to the Xray tube -typically defined as **10 degrees** or more EX= AP axial or PA axial

Question 32

# projections tangential projection

Answer 32

CR directed along the outer margin of a curved body surface (like the knee)

Question 33

# projections later projection

Answer 33

CR enters one side of the body, passing transversly along coronal plane -named for side closest to IR -"side" position

Question 34

# projections oblique projection

Answer 34

CR enters from the side at an angle -named for the side closest to the IR EX= RAO- right anterior oblique **oblique=** projection **RAO=** position

Question 35

# body positions upright

Answer 35

erect or verticle

Question 36

# body positions seated

Answer 36

upright but sitting on a stool

Question 37

# body positions recumbent

Answer 37

lying down in any position

Question 38

# body positions supine

Answer 38

lying on the back

Question 39

# body positions prone

Answer 39

lying face down

Question 40

# body positions trendelenburg

Answer 40

supine but head is lower than feet (water boarding)

Question 41

# body positions fowlers

Answer 41

supine with head elevated

Question 42

# body positions sims position

Answer 42

**recumbent** with patient lying on left anterior side with left leg extended and right knee and thigh partially flexed (sideline)

Question 43

# body positions lithotomy position

Answer 43

supine with knees and hips flexed and thighs abducted and rotated externally. supported by ankle supports (gyno exam/ birthing)

Question 44

# body positions lateral position

Answer 44

named according to the side of the patient **closest to the IR** (IR would be under patient) EX=Left lateral/ right lateral/ right lateral recumbent

Question 45

# body positions decubitus position

Answer 45

recumbent position with a **horizontal CR** -IR is behind them -named for body surface patient is lying on EX= left lateral Decubitus

Question 46

# body positions oblique position

Answer 46

body is rotated so the coronal plane is NOT parallel with the table or IR. -angle is specific to anatomy needed -named after **side and surface of body** **closest to the table or IR** EX= RPO, LPO, RAO,LAO

Question 47

# body positions lordotic position

Answer 47

upright position in which the patient is leaning backwards againt IR