chapter 7

Question 1

directing

Answer 1

the process of instructing, guiding, counselling, motivating and leading people in the organisation to achieve its objectives.

Question 2

features of directing

Answer 2

1. continuous process
2. initiates action
3. flows from top to bottom
4. takes place at every level of management

Question 3

importance of directing

Answer 3

FIIGS
1. facilitates changes
2. Integrates group activity
3. Initiates action
4. Guide Employees
5. bring stability and balance in the organisation

Question 4

elements of directing

Answer 4

1. supervision
2. motivation
3. leadership
4. communication

Question 5

motivation

Answer 5

the process of making subordinates to act in a desired manner to achieve certain organisational goals.

Question 6

motivation is further divided to

Answer 6

1. motive
2. motivation
3. motivators

Question 7

Motive

Answer 7

A motive is an inner state that energises, activates or moves and directs behaviour towards goals.

Question 8

Motivation

Answer 8

It is a process of inducing people to perform to their best ability to accomplish the goal.

Question 9

Motivators

Answer 9

Motivator is the technique used to motivate people in an organisation.

Question 10

features of motivation

Answer 10

1. internal feeling
2. produces goal directed behaviour
3. complex process
4. could be negative or positive

Question 11

needs of Maslow hierarchy need theory

Answer 11

from top to bottom
1. self actualisation needs
2. esteem needs
3. affliction/belongingness needs
4. safe/security needs
5. basic physical needs

Question 12

assumptions of Maslow’s need hierarchy theory

Answer 12

(i) People’s behaviour is based on their needs.
(ii) People’s needs are in hierarchical order, starting from basic needs to other higher level needs.
(iii) A satisfied need can no longer motivate a person.
(iv) A person moves to the next higher level of the hierarchy only when the lower need is satisfied.

Question 13

incentives

Answer 13

all measures which are used to motivate people to improve performance.

Question 14

types of incentives

Answer 14

1. financial
2. non-financial

Question 15

financial incentives includes

Answer 15

1. Pay and Allowances
2. Productivity Linked Wage Incentives
3. Bonus
4. Profit Sharing
5. Co-Partnership/Stock Option
6. Retirement Benefits
7. Perquisites

Question 16

non-financial incentives

Answer 16

1. Status
2. Organizational Climate
3. Career Advancement Opportunity
4. Job Enrichment
5. Employee Recognition Programmes
6. Job Security
7. Employee Participation
8. Employee Empowerment

Question 17

leadership

Answer 17

process of influencing the behaviour of people by making them strive voluntarily towards achievement of organisational goals.

Question 18

features of leadership

Answer 18

1. indicates ability of an individual to influence others.
2. tries to bring change in the behaviour of others.
3. indicates interpersonal relations between leaders and followers.
4. exercised to achieve common goals of the organisation.
5. continuous process.

Question 19

leadership styles

Answer 19

1. autocratic or authoritarian style
2. democratic or participative leader
3. laissez faire or free-rein leader

Question 20

communication

Answer 20

A channel of communication is a path through which information flows from sender to receiver.

Question 21

elements of communication

Answer 21

1. sender
2. message
3. encoding
4. media
5. decoding
6. receiver
7. feedback
8. noise

Question 22

sender

Answer 22

Who conveys his thoughts or ideas.

Question 23

message

Answer 23

Ideas, feelings, suggestions, order etc.

Question 24

encoding

Answer 24

Converting the message into communication symbol such as words/pictures etc.

Question 25

media

Answer 25

Path/Channel through which encoded message is transmitted to receiver e.g., face to face, phone call, internet etc.

Question 26

decoding

Answer 26

Converting encoded symbols of the sender.

Question 27

Receiver

Answer 27

Who receives communication of the sender

Question 28

Feedback

Answer 28

All those actions of receiver indicating that he has received and understood the message of the sender.

Question 29

Noise

Answer 29

Some obstruction or hindrance to communication like poor telephone connection, inattentive receiver etc.

Question 30

two types of communication

Answer 30

1. formal 2. informal

Question 31

FORMAL COMMUNICATION

Answer 31

Formal communication flows through official channels designed in the organisation chart.

Question 32

Informal communication

Answer 32

Communication that takes place without following the formal lines of communication

Question 33

types of barriers to communication

Answer 33

1. semantic barriers 2. psychological barriers 3. organisational barriers 4. personal barriers

Question 34

Semantic barriers includes

Answer 34

BUS BTF Badly expressed message Unclarified assumption Symbols with different meanings Body Language and Gesture Decoding Technical Jargon Faulty Translations

Question 35

Psychological/Emotional barriers includes

Answer 35

DPLL Distrust Premature evaluation Lack of attention Loss by transmission and poor retention

Question 36

Organisational Barriers

Answer 36

O2 CRS Organisational Barriers Organisational Facilities Complexity in organisation structure Rules and regulations Status Difference

Question 37

Personal Barriers

Answer 37

FULL Fear of challenge to authority Unwillingness to communicate Lack of confidence of superior in his subordinates Lack of Proper Incentives

Question 38

improving communication effectiveness

Answer 38

1. be a good listener 2. Convey things of help and value to listeners 3. Follow up communication 4. Ensure proper feedback 5. Consult others before communicating.