Chapter 7 Flashcards by Angelina Rodriguez

What does equipment and treatment room surfaces get contaminated with?

Aerosol contains blood and/or saliva during treatment

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What are the 2 methods to deal with surface contamination

Use surface barriers
Preclean and disinfect the surfaces between patients

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Types of surface barriers

Plastic bags
Plastic barrier sticky tape
Aluminum foils
SHOULD ALL BE FLUID RESISTANT

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Precleaning and disenfection

Best used in smooth and easily accessible surfaces
Preclean—>disenfect
*Wear PPE

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Precleaning

Be done BEFORE disinfecting
Reduces # of microbes,saliva, and blood
*If surface is not clean cannot be disinfected

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Disinfection

Kills disease producing microorganisms that remain after precleaing
Chemical used on INANIMATE surfaces
*if on skin could get contact dermatitis

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Difference between disinfectant and antiseptic

Disinfectant(microorganisms)-inanimate surfaces
Antiseptics(antimicrobials)-living tissue

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Environmental Protective Agency(EPA)

Products registered as hospital disinfectants with tuberculocidial claim(gets rid of tuberculosis) should be used to disinfect dental treatment areas

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Types of chemical disenfectants (8)

Iodophors
Synthetic phenol compounds
Sodium hypochlorite
Alcohol
Liquid chemical sterilants/high level disenfectants
Glutaraldehyde
Chlorine dioxide
Ortho-phthaladehydes

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Iodophors (not ideal)

EPA registered
Effective within 5-10minutes
Inactivated by hard water (mixed with distilled or soft water)
May corrode or discolor(red or yellow stains)

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Synthetic phenol compounds (do Precleaning before putting on)

EPA registered
Diluted properly then put on surface that was cleaned prior
May be used to disinfect impression(1st ask manufacturer)
*prepared daily

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Intermediate level hospital disinfectants

Iodophors
Synthetic phenol compounds
Sodium hypochlorite

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Sodium hypochlorite (EPA approved productscontain this)

Main ingredient in household bleach
No longer recommended by CDC as disinfectant in dental settings

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Intermediate level disinfectant

Sodium hypochlorite
Alcohol

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isopropyl and ethyl Alcohol (not recommended)

Not effective in the presence of bioburden(ex.viruses,fungi,bacteria)
ADa, CDC, and OSAP do not recommend as surface disinfectant
*rapid evaporation

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Liquid chemical sterilants

Destroys ALL microbial life/bacterial endoscopes
Most are toxic
PPE MUST be worn
Used for immersion of heat sensitive instrument(range from (6-30 hours)
*NEVER a surface disenfectatnt

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High level disinfectants

Liquid chemical sterilants
Glutaraldehyde
Chlorine dioxide
Ortho-phthalaldehyde

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Sterilant

Chlorine dioxide

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Glutaraldehyde (useful for plastics or instruments that can’t handle high heat sterilization)

Very toxic, handle carfullly to avoid fumes
Treated instruments should be THOROUGHLY rinsed before used on patients

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Chlorine dioxide (do not really penetrate organic debris MUST be used with a separate cleaner)

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Can be used as surface disinfectant (3 mins) or chemical sterilant(6 hours)
Be prepared fresh DAILY, good ventilation, and is corrosive to aluminum containers

Ortho-phthaladehyde(good alt. to Glutaraldehyde)

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High disinfection with 12 mins at room temp.
Little odor and no required activation or mixing
Expensive, is used half as long, may stain skin or fabrics
*be used as disinfectant only and not sterilant

EPA registers and regulates disinfectant and chemical sterilants and places them in carries

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High level
Intermediate level
Low level

Consideration for surface infectants

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Rapidly kills all types of pathogenic organisms
Odorless
Gentle to dental equipment surfaces
Nontoxic
Economical

Classification of instruments, equipment, and surfaces (how were going to treat after patient leaves)

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Critical
Semi critical
Non critical

Critical instruments (greatest risk in of transmitting infection)

Heat sterilized Penetrates soft tissue or bone Ex. Forceps, scalpels, bone chisels, scalers,& burrs

Semi critical instruments (lower risk of transmission)

Heat sterilized Touch mucous membrane or non intact skin

No critical instruments (least risk of transmission of infection)

Contact only intact skin Low level or intermediate level disenfectsnt

High volume evacuation

Reduces aerosol and splatter Cleaned at the end of the day, by evacuating a detergents or a water based detergent disinfectant through the system

Dental dam

This and HVE is best to minimize dental aerosols and splatter form patients mouth

Pre procedure mouth rinse

Intended to reduce # of microorganisms released in aerosol or splatter Can decrease # of microorganisms introduced into the patients bloodstream during invasive dental orocedures

Dental unit water line contamination

Bacteria is hard to get rid of when they are embedded in the biofilm

Cleaning and disinfection of the laboratory area

Case pans should be cleaned and disifncted between cases Surfaces cshould be covered and cleaned/disinfected on a daily basis

Impressions (wear PPE)

Contaminated with saliva and maybe blood Might be bacterial pathogens

Disinfection of casts (most difficult to disinfect without damaging)

Preferable to disinfect Should be sprayed with iodophor or chlorine product, rinsed,&allowed to dry

Disinfection of other materials

Pumice for polishing lathe should be dispensed using a unit dose

Cleaning and disinfecting the radiology area

Cleaned with low level or intermediate level disinfectant after r patient is dismissed Plastic barriers are alt to surface disinfection

Bioburden

Blood and/or saliva

Not all type of disinfectant contain a Precleaning agent t or f

True

Difference between disinfection and sterilization

Disinfection eliminates most harmful microorganisms Sterilization kills all microorganisms

Mouth mirrors are an example of an ___ instrument

Semi critical

A dental burr is considered an ____ instrument

Critical

Which should not be worn while pre cleaning and disinfecting a treatment room?

Latex examination gloves

Surface barriers are not necessary to place on

Electrical outlets

The best way to manage surface asepsis is with the use of?

Surface barriers and disinfectatnts

Laboratory items used on a patients denture should be changed?

After each use

What item can produce contaminated dental unit water?

High speed handpieces, air water syringes,& imprisoning hand pieces

When placing surface barriers in a clean and disinfected, you should use?

Latex examination hloves

____ instruments must be heat sterilized between patients

Criticsl

What type of disinfectant may not necessarily have tuberculocidal action?

Low level

Chapter 7 Flashcards

(49 cards)