What is the most commonly consumed drug globally?
Ethyl alcohol (ethanol)
What form of alcohol is found in an alcoholic beverage?
ethanol
What is metabolism?
the chemical process occurring within the body to convert food to energy
How is ethanol produced?
fermentation of glucose
What are the key differences between ethanol and glucose?
Glucose has six carbons and five hydroxl groups; ethanol has two carbons and a single hydroxyl group
What is ADH?
alcohol dehydrogenase; the primary enzyme involved in metabolism of ethanol
What is first-pass metabolism?
the initial metabolism of ethanol occurring in the stomach
The speed at which ethanol enters the bloodstream from the stomach is known as the ___?
rate of absorption
The amount of ethanol in the blood relative to water is known as the __.
blood alcohol content (BAC)
What difference does food in the stomach make on the absorption of alcohol?
it slows the absorption and increases the rate at which ethanol is metabolized
What are the differences between the sexes on the absorption of alcohol?
males have slower absorption due to greater total body water and amounts of lean muscle as well as higher first-pass metabolism; females have less of all these characteristics
At what rate does ethanol metabolize?
7 grams per hour (90%)
The toxic product of ethanol metabolism, which has to be further metabolized immediately to avoid it toxic effects is called __.
acetaldehyde
What is acetaldehyde dehydrogenase?
the enzyme used to metabolize toxic acetaldehyde
Roughly, how many calories does on gram of ethanol provide?
7
What is the end-product of ethanol metabolism, which is then converted to acetyl-CoA similar to the beta-oxidation of fatty acids?
acetate
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Chapter 5 - Lesson 118
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Chapter 5 - Lesson 225
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Chapter 5 - Lesson 320
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Chapter 5 - Lesson 420
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Chapter 5 - Review Questions22
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Chapter 6 - Lesson 121
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Chapter 6 - Lesson 225
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Chapter 6 - Lesson 317
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Chapter 6 - Review Questions27
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Chapter 7 - Lesson 134
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Chapter 7 - Lesson 228
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Chapter 7 - Lesson 36
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Chapter 7 - Lesson 44
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Chapter 7 - Review Questions33
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Chapter 8 - Lesson 133
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Chapter 8 - Lesson 213
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Chapter 8 - Lesson 314
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Chapter 8 - Lessson 43
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Chapter 8 - Review Questions32
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Chapter 9 - Lesson 116
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Chapter 9 - Lesson 26
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Chapter 9 - Lesson 31
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Practice Exam 1100
