cholingeric system

Question 1

What are the 4 Choline Esters?

Answer 1

Acetylcholine; Methacholine; Carbachol; Bethanechol

Question 2

What suffix helps identify Choline Esters?

Answer 2

-choline or -chol

Question 3

Give a clinical anchor for Bethanechol.

Answer 3

Used post‑surgery for urinary retention and ileus

Question 4

Give a clinical anchor for Methacholine.

Answer 4

Asthma diagnosis (bronchial challenge test)

Question 5

Give a clinical anchor for Carbachol.

Answer 5

Eye drops for glaucoma

Question 6

Give a clinical anchor for Acetylcholine.

Answer 6

Used experimentally in eye surgery to constrict pupil

Question 7

What are the 3 Alkaloids?

Answer 7

Muscarine; Pilocarpine; Arecoline

Question 8

Where is Muscarine found?

Answer 8

Poisonous mushrooms (causes cholinergic symptoms)

Question 9

What is Pilocarpine used for?

Answer 9

Glaucoma and dry mouth (Sjogren’s syndrome)

Question 10

Where is Arecoline found?

Answer 10

Betel nut (linked to oral cancer risk)

Question 11

What are the 4 Reversible Carbamate Anticholinesterases?

Answer 11

Physostigmine; Neostigmine; Pyridostigmine; Rivastigmine

Question 12

What suffix helps identify Carbamate Anticholinesterases?

Answer 12

-stigmine

Question 13

What is Physostigmine used for?

Answer 13

Antidote for atropine poisoning (crosses BBB)

Question 14

What is Neostigmine used for?

Answer 14

Myasthenia gravis and post‑op ileus

Question 15

What is Pyridostigmine used for?

Answer 15

Long‑acting treatment for myasthenia gravis

Question 16

What is Rivastigmine used for?

Answer 16

Alzheimer’s disease

Question 17

What are the 3 Reversible Non‑Carbamates?

Answer 17

Edrophonium; Donepezil; Galantamine

Question 18

What is Edrophonium used for?

Answer 18

Diagnostic test for myasthenia gravis (Tensilon test)

Question 19

What is Donepezil used for?

Answer 19

Alzheimer’s disease

Question 20

What is Galantamine used for?

Answer 20

Alzheimer’s disease

Question 21

What are the 2 Irreversible Carbamates?

Answer 21

Carbaryl; Propoxur

Question 22

What are Carbaryl and Propoxur used as?

Answer 22

Insecticides (toxic exposure risk)

Question 23

What are the 6 Irreversible Organophosphates?

Answer 23

Echothiophate; Malathion; Diazinon; Tabun; Sarin; Soman

Question 24

Which organophosphate is used clinically?

Answer 24

Echothiophate (long‑acting glaucoma treatment)

Question 25

Which organophosphates are insecticides?

Answer 25

Malathion; Diazinon

Question 26

Which organophosphates are nerve gases?

Answer 26

Tabun; Sarin; Soman