gerd

Question 1

What is GERD?

Answer 1

A chronic condition where gastric contents reflux into the esophagus due to lower esophageal sphincter (LES) incompetence.

Question 2

What is the pathogenesis of GERD?

Answer 2

LES relaxation or weakness → reflux of acid → mucosal injury → inflammation and symptoms.

Question 3

What are the risk factors for GERD?

Answer 3

Obesity

Question 4

What are the clinical features of GERD?

Answer 4

Heartburn

Question 5

What are the complications of GERD?

Answer 5

Esophagitis

Question 6

What are the general measures in GERD management?

Answer 6

Lifestyle modification: weight loss

Question 7

Which drugs are used in GERD?

Answer 7

Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs)

Question 8

What is the first-line pharmacological therapy for GERD?

Answer 8

Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are most effective for symptom relief and mucosal healing.

Question 9

What is the role of H2 blockers in GERD?

Answer 9

Reduce nocturnal acid secretion

Question 10

What is the role of prokinetic drugs in GERD?

Answer 10

Increase LES tone and gastric emptying

Question 11

When is surgery indicated in GERD?

Answer 11

Severe refractory cases or complications (e.g.