Circulation UE

Question 1

what is an artery

Answer 1

pumps blood away from the heart

Question 2

what are small branches of arteries called

Answer 2

arterioles <0.5mm

Question 3

what do arterioles do

Answer 3

disperse O2 and nutrient into capillaries

Question 4

what takes place in capillaries

Answer 4

diffusion

Question 5

what do venules do

Answer 5

picks up waste products

Question 6

what do venules form

Answer 6

veins

Question 7

what is the order of blood circulation starting from arteries

Answer 7

arteries- arterioles- capillaries (diffusion)- venules- veins

Question 8

what are the layers of the artery

Answer 8

tunica intima (interna)
tunica media
tunica externa (adventitia)

Question 9

what is the tunica intima layer

Answer 9

inner layer formed by squamous epithelium
inner wall that forms the hole of artery ( Lumen)
attached by CT to the middle layer (tunica media)

Question 10

what is the tunica media

Answer 10

thick intermediate layer formed by smooth muscle & elastic tissue

Question 11

what is the tunica externa

Answer 11

outermost fibrous layer
can contain some smooth muscle
expands to bound to structure to not get blocked

Question 12

what are characteristics & conditions of arteries

Answer 12

flexible due to tunica media

arteriosclerosis
atherosclerosis

Question 13

what is arteriosclerosis

Answer 13

hardening with age of arteries

increase BP due to decrease distention

Question 14

what is atherosclerosis

Answer 14

lumen narrowing due to deposition of fats on walls

can cause heart attack or stroke

Question 15

what is the lumen of the artery

Answer 15

central hollow space

Question 16

what is anastomosis

Answer 16

small adjacent arteries can form to accommodate blood flow
connecting arteries
collateral circulation

Question 17

what does collateral circulation mean (anastomosis)

Answer 17

a blockage in one circumflex can still function via the other circumflex (posterior/ anterior humeral circumflex)

deep palmar arch can help superficial is theres an issue

Question 18

what are capillaries

Answer 18

1mm long x 8^-10 microns diameter
walls formed by singe layer of simple squamous
penetrated every tissue
between arteriole and venules
essential exchange of material to maintain consistency

FORMS CAPILLARY BED!!!

Question 19

what are venules

Answer 19

small veins that come from the capillaries to form veins

Question 20

what are veins the layers of the vein

Answer 20

tunica ( intima ) interna
tunica media (THINNER)
tunica externa

limited layer of smooth muscle

Question 21

what is a vein

Answer 21

aids in blood flow back to the heart
has valves made from tunica intima

Question 22

Venae Commitantes

Answer 22

when two veins travel as a pair with one artery

veins have to go against gravity

Question 23

what are the arteries of the upper extremity

Answer 23

ascending aorta
aortic arch
3 branches
- right brachiocephalic a.
- right subclavian a.
- right common carotid a.
- left subclavian a.
- left common carotid a.
descending aorta

Question 24

what is the common carotid aa.

Answer 24

arteries enters the head and neck region

Question 25

what are the right and left vertebral aa.

Answer 25

arteries branch from subclavian and enter the head and neck region

Question 26

subclavian a. becomes axillary a. where

Answer 26

under the first rib

Question 27

axillary a. becomes brachial a. where

Answer 27

at bicipital groove

Question 28

brachial a. becomes ulnar a. & radial a. where

Answer 28

bifurcates below the elbow

Question 29

what do the ulnar a. & radial a. becomes

Answer 29

superficial (distal) & deep (proximal) palmar aches

Question 30

what do palmar arches become

Answer 30

digital arteries

Question 31

what are tributaries

Answer 31

when a vein empties into a large vein

Question 32

two main veins of the hand, forearm and arm

Answer 32

cephalic vein (lateral) basilic vein (medial)

Question 33

where does the cephalic vein travel up to

Answer 33

through the deltopectoral groove into the axillary v.

Question 34

what connects the cephalic and basilic vv.

Answer 34

median cubital v.

Question 35

what forms the axillary v.

Answer 35

basilic v. & brachial (deep) v.

Question 36

name of where the axillary a. and v together

Answer 36

axillary sheath

Question 37

where do the digital vv. drain into

Answer 37

palmar venous arch sometimes deep & superficial

Question 38

where does the external jugular vein enter

Answer 38

subclavian v.

Question 39

what forms the brachiocephalic v.

Answer 39

internal jugular v and the subclavian v. (w the external jugular)

Question 40

what does the right and left brachiocephalic vv. form

Answer 40

superior vena cava