Nervous System

Question 1

what is the neuron

Answer 1

nerve cell
motor and sensory

Question 2

what is the nervous system

Answer 2

basic structural and functional component of the nervous system
conducts impulses to and from the two main nervous systems (CNS & PNS)

Question 3

what are the dendrites

Answer 3

cytoplasmic processes
IMPUT OF STIMULUS
impulses to cell body
several dendrites to each neuron

Question 4

what is the axon

Answer 4

cytoplasmic process
only one per neuron
TRANSMITS IMPULSES AWAY from cell body

AXON= nerve fiber
neurofibrils

Question 5

what are the 3 structural diversity of neurons (axons)

Answer 5

multipolar
bipolar
unipolar

Question 6

what are the parts of the nerve structure

Answer 6

epineurium
perineurium
endoneurium
axon

Question 7

what does the epineurium surround

Answer 7

surrounds the entire nerve

Question 8

what does the perineurium surround

Answer 8

surrounds each fascicle

Question 9

what does the endoneurium surround

Answer 9

around each axon

Question 10

organize the nerve from smallest unit to largest unit

Answer 10

axon- myelin sheath- endoneurium- fascicle- perineurium-spinal nerve- epineurium

Question 11

the two types of myelinated cells

Answer 11

Schwann cells are in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) oligodendrocytes are in the central nervous system (CNS)

Question 12

what is excitability

Answer 12

the ability of neurons to respond to stimuli and generate nerve impulses

Question 13

what is conductivity

Answer 13

the ability to transmit a state of excitation

Question 14

what is grey matter

Answer 14

unmyelinated, nuclei (H) of the spinal cord

Question 15

what is the nuclei

Answer 15

mass of nerve cell bodies and dendrites inside the CNS

Question 16

what is a tract

Answer 16

each white nerve bundles

Question 17

what are the four spinal cord regions and their contribution to the plexus

Answer 17

cervical (most)
thoracic
lumbar (none)
sacral

Question 18

where are white tracts found

Answer 18

anterior, posterior and lateral to the grey commissure

Question 19

what are ascending tracts

Answer 19

sensory or afferent (up the spinal cord, PNS to CNS)

Question 20

what are descending tracts

Answer 20

motor to efferent (brain to cord, CNS to PNS)

Question 21

where do groups of nerve fibers enter from and how

contains what

Answer 21

enter dorsal horn visa dorsal roots

contains sensory neurons

Question 22

where do groups of nerve fibers leave from and how

contains what

Answer 22

leave ventral horns visa ventral roots

contains motor neurons

Question 23

what makes up the spinal nerve

Answer 23

dorsal root & ventral root (mixed nerves

sensory nerves & motor nerves

Question 24

how many pairs of spinal nerves

Answer 24

31

Question 25

when do spinal nerves divide

Answer 25

after leaving intervertebral foramen

Question 26

what does the dorsal rami innervate

Answer 26

skin of back paravertebral muscles

Question 27

what does the ventral rami innervate

Answer 27

all extremity muscles lateral and ventral trunk

Question 28

what is the vertebrae nerve root distribution

Answer 28

7 cervical 12 thoracic 5 lumbar 5 sacral 4 coccygeal total 33

Question 29

what is the spinal nerves root distribution

Answer 29

8 cervical 12 thoracic 5 lumbar 5 sacral 1 coccygeal total 31

Question 30

what forms networks

Answer 30

ventral rami of spinal nerves from plexuses except T2- T12 and S5- Co1

Question 31

vertebrae of the brachial plexus

Answer 31

C5-T1

Question 32

what are the 5 plexuses

Answer 32

cervical brachial lumbar sacral lumbosacral

Question 33

5 regions of the brachial plexus

Answer 33

Rami Trunks Divisions Cords Branches

Question 34

what do the cords orientate around

Answer 34

axillary a.

Question 35

characteristics of the radial nerve Reflexes?

Answer 35

largest, originates from posterior cord passes in front of subscapularis m. innervates whole posterior upper extremity passes radial groove deep into antecubital fossa ends in anteroposterior forearm reflexes: brachioradialis (C6) & triceps (C7)

Question 36

characteristics of axillary nerve

Answer 36

branch of the posterior cord runs lateral to the radial nerve medial to surgical neck of humerus (follows axillary a.) into deltoid and teres minor muscles

Question 37

characteristics of musculocutaneous nerve

Answer 37

comes off of lateral cord pierces the coracobrachialis muscle supplies anterior arm muscles reflex: biceps (C5)

Question 38

characteristics of median nerve

Answer 38

composed of lateral & medial cord innervates most of the forearm flexors & thenar area (not adductor/ palm) superficial at anterior wrist

Question 39

characteristics of ulnar nerve

Answer 39

comes off medial cord passes behind medial epicondyle runs down median arm innervates flexor carpi ulnaris & intrinsic hand muscles

Question 40

what is a dermatome

Answer 40

the area of skin providing sensory input to the posterior roots of one spinal segment potential tool to diagnose spinal cord injury

Question 41

only vertebrae that does not innervate the skin

Answer 41

C1

Question 42

What comes off the superior trunk of brachial plexus

Answer 42

Dorsal scapular n. Long thoracic n. Suprascapular n. Subclavius n.

Question 43

What nerves come off the posterior cord of brachial plexus

Answer 43

Lower subscapular n. Thoracodorsal n. Upper subscapular n. Axillary n.

Question 44

What comes off the medial cord of brachial plexus

Answer 44

Medial cutaneous nerve of forearm Medial cutaneous nerve of arm Medial pectoral

Question 45

What comes off the lateral cord of brachial plexus

Answer 45

Lateral pectoral n. Musculocutaneous n.

Question 46

What does the dorsal scapular nerve innervate

Answer 46

Rhomboids Levator scapula

Question 47

What does the suprascapular nerve innervate

Answer 47

Supraspinatus Infraspinatus

Question 48

Upper subscapular n.

Answer 48

Subscapularis

Question 49

Lower subscapularis n.

Answer 49

Subscapularis Teres major

Question 50

Lateral pectoral n.

Answer 50

Pectoralis major m.