EXCI 253 Anatomy > Tissues > Flashcards

Tissues Flashcards

(80 cards)

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1
Q

What is histology

A

The study of tissues and how they form organs

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2
Q

What are the FORMS of tissue that exists

A

Solid (bone)
Semi solid (fat)
Soft (muscle & ligaments)
Liquid (blood)

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3
Q

What are the types of tissue (4)

A

Epithelial (epithelium)
Connective
Muscular
Nervous

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4
Q

What are the main differences between epithelial tissue & connective tissue

A

Epithelial tissue is tightly packed
Does not have own blood supply (avascular)

Connective tissue is spacious & busy
Lots of blood supply

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5
Q

What are most body tissues derived from?

A

The embryonic connective tissue called mesenchyme

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6
Q

What do the three embryonic or germ layers include

A

Endoderm
Mesoderm
Ectoderm

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7
Q

What is the ectoderm (tube in tube)

A

The outer covering of the body and nervous tissue

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8
Q

What is the endoderm (tube in tube)

A

The lining of the body of digestive tract
Hollow cavities

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9
Q

What is the mesoderm

A

Everything by else (muscle, ligament, cartilage, bone…)
Fills the cavities

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10
Q

What is the group of tissues COMMON purpose

A

Functioning together to perform a specialized activity: Homeostasis

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11
Q

What is the epithelial tissue derived from mostly

A

Endoderm (outer covering)

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12
Q

What are the 4 functions of the epithelial tissue

A

Protection (skin)
Filtration (nutrients)
Secretion (mucous, hormones, enzyme)
Excretion (urine)

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13
Q

What are the two main types of epithelium

A

Surface epithelium: lining & covering

Glandular epithelium: secretory tissue in glands

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14
Q

What is cellularity

A

Closely packed cells

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15
Q

What is matrix

A

Any extracellular material between cells

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16
Q

What does the basement membrane do

A

Hold epithelial to the connective tissue
Gives strength to the epithelium

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17
Q

What are some characteristics of epithelium (4)

A

Avascular
Divide for repair and renewal
Close to blood supply
Always has a FREE surface

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18
Q

What is the apical surface of the epithelium

A

Free surface on top

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19
Q

What is the basal surface on the epithelium

A

Deep layer
Attached to the basement membrane

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20
Q

In terms of the basement membrane,
What are the two layers

A

Basal lamina
Reticular lamina

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21
Q

Basal lamina

A

Closer (top) to the actual apethelial cell

Contains proteins (laminin) GLUE that attaches and collagen for strength

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22
Q

Where and what Reticular lamina

A

Closer (bottom) to the underlying connective tissue
Contains collagen produced by the connective tissue (fibroblasts)

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23
Q

What are the four shapes of the epithelial cells

A

Squamous: flat and thin
Cuboidal: square
Columnar: rectangular
Transitional: cell will change (always stratified)

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24
Q

What is the simple epithelium

A

Single row of cells

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25
What is stratified epithelium and how is it named?
2 or multiple rows or cells Names based on the APICAL layer (last layer) cube-cube-cube-squamous= squamous stratified
26
What is pseudostratified epithelium
Single rows of cells with different overlapping sizes but all attached to basement membrane
27
What is the perk of simple squamous epithelium
Allows rapid passage of substances through them Lines cardiovascular and lymphatic systems
28
What are the two types of simple squamous epithelium in the body
Endothelium and mesothelium
29
What’s the function of simple cuboidal epithelium
Secretion & absorption
30
Where is simple cuboidal epithelium located
Glands, surface of overuse, renal
31
What are the functions of simple columnar epithelium
Secretion & absorption
32
Where can you find simple columnar epithelium
Lines digrestive tract & forms ducts of glands
33
What does ciliated mean and which lining epithelium can we find it on
Hair like projections for filtration Simple columnar epithelium
34
What does non ciliated mean
No hair like projections
35
Where are ciliated simple columnar epithelium found
Uterine tubes, bronchioles (lungs)
36
What do the ciliated hairs do
Helps propel things along and direct them
37
What do microvilli do
Serve as an extension to increase surface area to help with absorption and secretion
38
What does stratified squamous epithelium do
Protective layer Cells replace those lost to friction Apical (top) cells are further from blood and die (skin) Replaced by cells at the basal layer
39
What does keratinized mean
Water proof and tough tissue (skin)
40
What does non keratinized mean
Found on wet surfaces that are prone to wear and tear (helps glide)
41
What does SSE keratinized mean
Stratified squamous epithelium that is keratinized
42
Where can you find stratified transitional epithelium
Stomach and bladder
43
What are the two types of epithelial membranes
Mucous membrane Serous membrane
44
What do mucous membranes do
Secret mucous to keep things moist
45
What do serous membranes do
Lines the hollow body cavities Secrets fluid for LUBRICATION
46
What are the two layers of serous membranes
Visceral (inner) and parietal layers (outer) CONTINUOUS
47
What is the function of glandular epithelium
SECRETION
48
What are the two types of glandular epithelium secretion
Exocrine & endocrine
49
Define exocrine gland secretion
When a gland and duct retain a connection with epithelium and secretes EXTERNALLY ( access to the outside)
50
Define endocrine glands
No contact from duct to epithelium (no way out) and secretes INTERNALLY into blood
51
What do endocrine glands secrete ALWAYS
Hormones
52
What are some purposes for connective tissue
Supports strengthen other tissues Protects and insulates organs Separates structures
53
What are some characteristics of connective tissue
Blood for transport Energy reserve storage (adipose) HIGHLY VASCULAR Immune response
54
What does the extracellular matrix contain
Protein fibers and ground substance Can be flexible Or inflexible
55
What are the consistencies of CT (4)
Fluid Semi fluid Gelatinous Calcified
56
What are the two most common cells associated with CT
Fibroblast and macrophages
57
What are fibroblasts
Large flat cells Forms the fiber for strength and structure Creates fibrocytes
58
What do macrophages do
Move through the matrix and engulf waste products Fixed OR wandering
59
KNOW THE THREE TYPES OF FIBERS AND MACROPHAGES ON PHOTO
Elastic fiber Reticular fiber Collagen fiber Macrophage
60
What are the 3 types of fibers in CT and their colour
Collagenous (white) Elastic (yellow) Reticular (neutral)
61
What are collagenous fibers
Made from collagen Strong steel cables (malleable not elastic) BLUE 25% or protein
62
What are elastic fibers
Long ribbons ELASTIN protein FIBRILLIN to add strength 150% stretch ability YELLOW
63
What are reticular fibers
Immature collagen Mesh or cobweb Non elastic Provides support and framework PURPLE
64
What are the three types of loose CT
Areolar CT Adipose CT Reticular CT
65
What is areolar CT
Anything that needs strength and elasticity Connect underlying structures
66
What does adipose tissue do
Protection and anchors things
67
What is reticular CT
Supportive net
68
What are the 3 classifications of dense CT
Dense regular CT Dense irregular CT Elastic CT
69
What is dense regular CT
collagen and fibroblasts Very strong tissue and organized Forms tendons, aponeuroses, ligaments Strong attachments
70
What are tendons
Attaches muscle to bone
71
What are aponeuroses
Flat tendon that does not attach bone (palmar)
72
What are ligaments
Attaches bone to bone to stabilize
73
What is dense irregular CT
Collagen and fibroblast Messy FASCIA; connects everything found in bone and cartilage
74
What is elastic CT & where is it found
elastic fiber and fibroblasts Allows stretching of organs Lung tissue, vocal cords, trachea
75
What is cartilage
Mixture of dense collagenous fibers and elastic fibers in gel ground substance Type of connective tissue
76
What are characteristics of cartilage
Strong but flex Avascular Receives nutrients from capillary network
77
What are the three classifications of cartilage
Hyaline Fibrocartilage Elastic
78
What is hyaline cartilage What colour is it
Blue/White and shiny TURNS TO BONE Remains articulate cartilage at the end of bone Strong but weakest of three Flexible and supportive
79
What is fibrocartilage
Collagenous fibers that allows for compression CUSHION discs Stronger LACKS PERICHONDRIUM (doesn’t get good blood flow)
80
What is elastic cartilage
Most durable and flexible Allows movement Has a perichondrium (vascularization)
EXCI 253 Anatomy
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