Collectivisation

Question 1

What did Stalin want when he came to power?

Answer 1

A socialist society.
Military strength and preparation in case of war.
Self sufficiency.
Increase grain supplies and industrial output.

Question 2

How many workers were there by 1928?

Answer 2

20% of the population

Question 3

What was the plan with collectivisation?

Answer 3

Russia needed workers in the capital. Peasants need to produce surplus food. Sell abroad. Surplus of farm labourers could become available for factories.

Question 4

How did Stalin want to create socialism in the countryside?

Answer 4

Get rid of the NEP.
Eradicate kulaks.
Remove rightists who supported commercially based agriculture.

Question 5

What was the name for a collective farm?

Answer 5

Kolkhoz

Question 6

What the 3 types of collective farms?

Answer 6

Toz, Sovkhoz, Kolkhoz

Question 7

What was the aim of collective farms?

Answer 7

Many households were put together.
All land and livestock was pooled and the land was farmed as one unit.

Question 8

Why was collectivisation seen as the solution to agriculture problems?

Answer 8

Farmed more efficiently.
Machinery.
Higher food production.
Require fewer peasants to work the land.
Easier for state procurement and exportion.

Question 9

Why was collectivisation carried out rapidly?

Answer 9

In 1929, despite a good harvest, peasants were unwilling to market their food at low prices.

Question 10

Who was blamed for the rationing?

Answer 10

Kulaks as they were said to be hoarding grain

Question 11

When did Stalin agree to stop grain seizures initially?

Answer 11

1928.

Question 12

How did peasants resist collectivisation?

Answer 12

Riots and armed resistance.
Burning crops, tools and houses.
Slaughtering animals and eating them.
Women’s revolts. (e.g. retrieving collectivised horses).

Question 13

What was the famine called?

Answer 13

Holodomor

Question 14

When did Stalin announce the ‘liquidation of the kulaks as a class’?

Answer 14

December 1929.

Question 15

What was the party’s aims in terms of kulaks?

Answer 15

Enemy class, used to frighten the middle and poor peasants to join the collective farms.

Question 16

How many men were in Stalin’s army to revolutionise the countryside?

Answer 16

25,000 urban party activists

Question 17

What was dekulakisation?

Answer 17

Regions were given a number of kulaks to find.
Either be shot, sent to forced labour camps or deported.

Question 18

What did a decree on February 1st 1930 allow for?

Answer 18

Gave local organisations the power to use necessary measures against the kulaks.

Question 19

How many were deported to Siberia or labour camps by the end of collectivisation?

Answer 19

10 million

Question 20

Over 5 years how many had died from starvation?

Answer 20

7 million

Question 21

How many animals had been slaughtered by 1930?

Answer 21

25-30% of all the cattle, pigs and sheep in the USSR

Question 22

When did Stalin backtrack due to a collapse in grain production?

Answer 22

March 1930 with his article for the Pravda.

Question 23

What happened throughout 1931?

Answer 23

Stalin restarted rapid campaigns. Peasants were forced to return to collectives.

Question 24

How much had the state collected by the end of 1931?

Answer 24

22.8 million tons of grain

Question 25

When did famine signs begin?

Answer 25

spring of 1932

Question 26

The famine was largely unacknowledged by Stalin. True or False?

Answer 26

True

Question 27

How much did Stalin export in 1932, despite the famine?

Answer 27

1.73 million tons

Question 28

When was the law of Seven Eights introduced?

Answer 28

7th August 1932

Question 29

What did the law of Seven Eights state?

Answer 29

Prescribed a 10 year sentence for stealing socialised property (e.g. corn, grain, etc). Later changed to the death penalty.

Question 30

What did Decrees in August and December state?

Answer 30

Prison statements of up to 10 years for peasants who sold meat and grain before quotas were filled.

Question 31

What prevented fleeing from famine?

Answer 31

the government implemented internal passports to control movement of people.

Question 32

How many kulaks were exiled?

Answer 32

150,000 families = 1929 240,000 = 1930 285,000 = 1931

Question 33

When did the implementation of Machine Tractor Stations begin?

Answer 33

1931

Question 34

By the end of 1932, how many tractors and MTS were there?

Answer 34

75,000 tractors and 2,500 MTS

Question 35

How many million tons less was the harvest of 1933 than the harvest of 1926?

Answer 35

9 million tons less

Question 36

By 1930, how many households were collectivised?

Answer 36

25%

Question 37

When were all farms collectivised by?

Answer 37

1941

Question 38

State procurement

Answer 38

11 million = 1928 16 million = 1929 23 million = 1933

Question 39

What did exports rise from in 1928 to 1931?

Answer 39

0.03 million = 1928 over 5 million = 1931

Question 40

How many workers were there by 1939?

Answer 40

50% of the population

Question 41

How much did wages fall by between 1928 and 1932?

Answer 41

By half

Question 42

How did meat consumption fall between 1928 and 1932?

Answer 42

fell by 2/3

Question 43

What does David Hoffman state collectivisation led to?

Answer 43

"the arrest and execution of millions only sowed hatred, disharmony and mistrust in Soviety society"

Question 44

What does Orlando Figes state was the reason for collectivisation?

Answer 44

"Collectivisation was driven less by economic motives than by mistrust of the peasantry"

Question 45

What does Robert Conquest claim about collectivisation?

Answer 45

That it was the "most massive man-made disaster in history" as the "assault on the peasantry was a war".

Question 46

Who claims that "Collectivisation was violent and chaotic but it achieved its primary objective of state control over agriculture"?

Answer 46

Fitzpatrick

Question 47

Who claims that Collectivisation was a "political campaign to subjugate the peasantry"?

Answer 47

Kotkin