Building Surveying APC > Construction Technology > Flashcards

Construction Technology Flashcards

(92 cards)

Study These Flashcards
1
Q

What is the difference between Pre-stressed and Pre-tensioned Concrete

A

Pre-stressed - both tendons and concrete stressed
Pre-tensioned - tendons are stressed before concrete is placed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

3 Methods of Waterproofing a basement

A

Dense Monolithic Concrete - Waterproof space made from reinforced concrete

Tanking - Materials such as asphalt, bitumen to protect the structure

Drained Cavity Solution - Water is collected then drains away to sump and discharge using pump.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Advantages/ Disadvantages of Steel Frames

A

ADV: Quicker to assemble
Lighter

DIS: Price can fluctuate
Require fire protection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Advantages/Disadvantages of Concrete Frame

A

ADV: Strength/heat resistance is high

DIS: Heavier and more expensive
Harder/time consuming to install

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Purpose of Weep Holes

A

Small holes in the outer wall which serves two purposes:
- Drainage - allows for drainage of any moisture that reach the back of the wall

  • Ventilation - Allows air to travel into the back of the wall.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Common mortar mix

A

1:1:6 - Cement, Lime & sand

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Types of Brick bonds and formation

A
  • Garden Wall (two stretcher course with a header course on top)
  • ## English Bond - Alternating header and stretcher courses.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is OSB and difference between plywood

A

Orientated Strand board - strands compressed together by resin.

Plywood - Laminated layers of wood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Difference between windows detail and glazed curtain wall glazing

A

Curtain walling does not take any structural load wheras windows have a linetl to keep structural integrity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Key differences between steel framed and concrete framed?

A

Steel is quicker to erect and more quality control.

Conctrete there is more flxibility within the design

Steel is more expensive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is a RSJ and difference between UB

A

Rolled Steel Joist included taperered flanges
Universal beams are easier to work with

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is underpinning?

A

Removing subsoil beneath foundation and replaicng iyt with concrete, Craried in sequences so that the structure is still supported hwne the concrtete is poured

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Difference in house between 1900’s one and modern one

A

Foundation - steepped brick vs strip

Walls - solid brick vs cavity

Roof - purlin roof/ king post truss vs trussed rafter roof

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is a strip foundation

A

strip of concrete supporting load bearing walls

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Why is warm roof better than cold roof

A

The insulation placed above rood deck which provides better internal temp - reducing heat loss

Less condensation as insulation keeps roof deck warmer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What stage of the RIBA Plan of works would you go to tender

A

Stage 4 - Technical design where the architectural designs are produced ready for tender

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What stage of the RIBA PLAN OF WOKRS WOULD YOU SUBMIT AN APPLICATION FOR BUILDING REGS

A

sTAGE 4 TECHNICAL DESIGN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is a close coupled picthed roof

A

Two slopes where the common rafters are connected to horixonatl tie beams reducing spreading of rafters.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Describe the timber framed wall construction

A

Outer Leaf to inner: Brickwork, vented cavity 50mm or breather membrane, OSB board, insulation between timber studs, Vapour control layer and plasterboard layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Purpose of Vapour Control Layer

A

Limits the passage of moisture and prevents condensation when warm air penetrates the structure.
- Contribute to air tightness and prevents heat loss

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Purpose of breather membrane

A
  • Prevents water ingress from rain entering the building structure
  • Allows moisture from the inside the ability to escape reducing damp
  • Improve thermal efficiency
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the difference between solar smart panels and PV panels

A

PV: convert sunlight into electricity, cost less than smart panels, generally efficient

Solar Smart: Built in sensors, monitoring systems
Enhances efficiency with maximum output
High initial cost but can be integrated within smart home system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Types of Air conditioning systems in an office?

A

Central air conditioning system - used for large buildings and use network of ducts to distribute cool air.

Split Air conditioning - One outdoor unit and several indoor units connected - used on smaller spaces

Variable refrigerant flow - simultaneous heating and cooling - ideal for large offices with varying temp needs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

How does VRF air condioning work?

A

Insulated pipes that connect outdoor and indoor units, control system which manages the flow of refrigerant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What is an inverted flat roof?
- Insulation is placed above weatherproof membrane (Durable, moisture resistant). No vapour control layer
26
What is the build up of a warm flat roof?
Roof Covering Insulation Vapour Barrier deck Joists Plasterboard
27
Benefits of a single ply membrane
- Easy to install - Durable - Longer lifespan - Cheaper
28
What considerations would you need to think about when installing PV Panels
- Whether the existing power and infrastructure is sufficient - Load implications
29
How do Solar PV panels work?
- Solar panels generate DC electricty from sunlight which then transfers through a converter it into AC electrcity. connected to consumer unit to power up
30
What is a symphonic drainage system
- Doesn't rely on gravity, Water is sucked from guttering to drain pipe. - Narrower downpipes can be used.
31
Types of refrigerant systems and which ones are banned
R 22 and R410. Purpose transfer heat, enabling heating and cooling
32
What type of glass was used at Saxton and what were the advantages
Tempered glass = heat treated (others float and heat strengthened, annealed) - Stronger than annealed - Higher resistance to thermal stress - Energy Efficiency
33
What is English Brick Bond?
Alternating Header and stretcher courses
34
Types of CAT refurbishments
Cat A: Basic level fit out - floors, ceilings & services CAT B: Refurbishment is tailored to tenants requirements - additional features: kitchens, partitions CAT C: High end finishes
35
Size of a brick
215mm x 102.5 x 65mm
36
size of block
440 x 215 x 100mm
37
What is the typical cavity width in a cavity wall
Traditional cavity is 50mm Modern Cavity is 100mm
38
What is a movement joint and why it is used
Deliberate gap in buildings to accomadate natural movement caused by thermal expansion, mositure changes. Prevents cracking
39
Types of portal frame structures
Duo Pitch Single pitch Multi Span
40
What is a hollow pot clay floor
Type of ribbed floor system that uses concrete blocks Reduces the amount of conctrete required while maintaining strength Cost effective and fire resistance
41
main types of curtain wall systems
Stick (assembled piece by piece on site)/ Unitised (prefabricated panels put into place on site Panelised
42
Advantages/disadvantages of stick curtain wall
Adv - Design flexibility / lower cost Dis - Labour intensive / thermal perfomace
43
Adv/ Dis of panelised system
Adv - Speedy, Less time on site Dis - Costly, Less on site flexibilty
44
What are the issues with composite cladding
- Water ingress - Metal Corrosion - Fastening errors - Fire Resistance
45
What is ACM cladding and risk?
Aluminum composite material Two layer of aluminium bonded to polyetheylene which poses to fire risk as demonstarated in Grenfell
46
What certification to look for in Composte cladding to ensure there is no fire risk
Look at fire resitance classification A1- non combustibe] A1 - F
47
Updates to the Building Regulations in 2022?
- Amendments to Part F (Ventilation) & Part L (Conservation of Fuel and Power): the new u value for walls in residential 0.18m2k Primary energy will be used to measure the efficiency of buildings heating Background trickle vents have been recommended for non domestic buildings new build homes to produce 31% less emission and 27%
48
Modern Methods of Construction
Laminated panels Pre-fabricated panels
49
Types of Piling
- Bored - Secant - Driven - Sheet
50
How does a solar panel work?
Sunlight hits the panel, strikes the PV cells causing movement of electrons and causing DC (Direct Current) - DC flows into converter causing an AC
51
How does a ground source heat pump work
Transfers heat from ground to a building Boreholes or pipes with water antifreezer is aable to absorb or realease heat to the surrounding ground Heat pump units in building which transfers heat between building Distribution centre- rads, underfloor heating which ditribute heat
52
Does the heat pump work in the summer?
Yes, the heat pump can remove heat from the interior. The heat is transfereed to the ground, which is cooler than outside air
53
What is the difference between PV panels and solar smart system? ADV and DIS
PV panels require an inverter to convert DC to AC Solar smart are PV panels with micro converters that allow more control, efficiency PV panels are easier to install than solar smart whereas solar smart are more complex PV panels are lower cost than solar smart Solar smart - Smart integration (maximises energy even with shading)
54
Types of Roof warranties on eaglais way and which did you go with?
- Manufacturers Warranty (material warranties) - Workmanship warranty (contractors warranty - labour or installation errors) - Full system Warranty (Manufacturers E
55
Describe the make up of double glazed window?
Two Glass Panes - Tempered or Laminated glass Thickness varied from 3mm to 6mm Air and gas filled cavity - 6mm to 20mm (gas improves thermal performance) Benefits: Sound insulation, reduces condensation
56
What was the make up of the timber framed cavity wall at JHA, how was the brick tied in?
Outer Leaf - Brickwork (not load bearing brickwork attached to timber frame Ventilated cavity - 50-75mm: provides moisture drainage and acoustic insulation wall ties to anchor the brickwork to timber frame with carrrier board. - Timber studs/Sheathing board - Insulation - Internal wall lining
57
At Saxton, what ref did you use to ensure that 60 minutes was correct for the apartment?
- Approved Document B section B3 - internal fire spread (60 min) - Extended to the underside of the floor slab, properly sealed at joints and penetrations - Non combustible material BS9999 also provide guidance on this aspect
58
How did you ensure 60 mins fire resistance was adhered to?
Fire rated plasterboard was installed - dot and dabbed (12.5mm pink rated board) two layers between metal framed All wall penetrations were fire stopped using intumescent sealant and fire collars.
59
Why was a felt roof chose over other types. What was the ADV and DIS considered?
Felt roof is more affordable than single ply membranes and asphalt, in material and installation costs Felt roof easier to install using torch on, roll on or adhesive Multi layer felt (2 or 3 layers) are more effective. Lower skill requirement as compared with asphalt. Felt - Detailing flexibility, fire resistance and light weight
60
ADV and DIS of window types i.e UPVC, wooden, metal
Timber Adv: insulator and renewable Dis: Maintaining and more expensive UPVC: Adv - Energy Efficient, cost effective DIS: not biodegradable, Not high strength Aluminium - Strong and resistance to corrosion, low maintenance DIS - High cost, poor thermal performance
61
Why was LED more energy efficient?
LED'sproduce morer light per unit of electricity than other types of lighting. LED's use far less power to produce the same amount of light
62
Why is a warm roof better than cold roof?
Warm roofs are typically more energy efficient, easier to construct and lower risk of moisture problems. Warm roofs don't need a ventilation requirement. Cold roofs bring gaps and bridges
63
What was the wall make up at Saxton, how was the plasterboard adhered to blockwork?
Dot and dabbed to concrete blockwork using adhesive
64
How was the floors compartmented between apartments to achieve sound resistance, fire resistance and fully insulated?
Rockwool sound slab insulation (or mineral wool batts) used in floor deign. 2 layers of Pink rated fire line gyproc board used for ceiling below ceiling joists.
65
How was the plasterboard fixed to the ceiling.
As it was concrete floors above, a suspended ceiling grid was created to attached the plasterboard allowing a cavity for services Furring channel, concrete anchors, fixing clips and top cross rail were used
66
What are the 3 types of basement constructions?
- Retaining wall and raft, slab foundation acts as the floor - Box and celluar raft - as above but internal walls transmit the load to raft - Piled solution
67
Describe cladding stick system
- opaque panels or mullions are connected together piece by piece - allow for integration of other systems multiple sets to carry out which is time consuming
68
69
Describe a unitised cladding system
Units of alumiun framework containing glazed or insulated panels. - factory controlled process unitised panels are craned into position
70
Describe a cladding rainscreen detail
- Rainscreen provides a screening function rather than an enclosure rainscreen is used to shield a wall whether that be madonry, steel
71
Pros and cons of flat roof coverings?
Single Ply membrane (wide width sheeting) -Prefabricated and don't need torches Build up felt (3 layer felt torch on method) - Easily understood Can be punctured if installed correctly Cheaper over asphalt More flexibilty adopts to movement Good for flat roofs and lightweight Asphalt (aggregate with bitument binder cast at 200 degrees) - poured on site - offer 60 year gurantee
72
What is a metal ceiling grid and benefits?
- Suspended ceiling formed by ceiling grid. - Quicker to construct and allow services to run through
73
Legislation to be reffered to for a compartment wall
BS999 Fire safety Act Part B Approved Document
74
What is the difference between using metal studs and timber studs?
Timber easy and cheaper to install. Susceptibe to damage. Sound reduction qualities Timber easy to modify Timber renewable wheras metal recylclable Metal - better fire resistance better durability
75
Things to consider when changing a roof
Building Regs approval when changing more than 25% Ventilation part F and conservation of fuel and power Part L
76
How was the felt installed at Eaglais Way?
Felt - rolled and adhsive rather than torch on
77
What is an EPC rating
Energy performace certificate (A-G) shows how energy efficnet a building is. Required when renting or selling a property Last 10 years
78
What is DEC rating?
Display energy certificate actual energy usage. Public buildings over 250m2
79
What Approved document covers electrical safety
Part P
80
What is a three phase electrical supply?
Uses 3 alternating currents more balanced flow of elecricty More voltage
81
Why was the felt roof chosen at Eaglais Way?
Low cost lifespan 15-25 years multiple layers (bas layer, underlay and cap sheet) Easy to reapir and good for small roofs
82
How did the use of UPVC windows and LED lighting impact the EPC rating?
single softwwod 5.8 to 1.6 w/m2k Improve air tightness - fewer draughts Depending on insulations factors more likley to improve the band by one. LED lighting - more lumens per watt Reduced maintenabce cists and energy usgae over time on commercial buildings - moderate to signifcant improvements
83
What are the types of insulation
PUR - polyeurethane Lowe fire resistance and thermal performance so is banned PIR - Polyisocyanurate Modified version of PUR with better fire resistance Mineral wood insulation Polystyrene - combustible material
84
What are the u value requirements for building elements
Windows: 1.2 w/m2k Roof: 0.11 for new, 0.15 for refurb Walls: 0.18 Floors: 0.18
85
What was the roof make up at Eagalis way?
New ceiling joists and wall plates at 6x2 Timber firrings and 18mm osb board 105mm rockwool insulation Underlay/capsheet felt Rainwater pipe/lead flashings and fascia
86
Difference between Marley modern and rosemary tiles
Marley - smooth slate like appearance Quicker to install Cheaper £65-95 per m2 Rosemary - heavier tiles Harder to handle and install Costs £100-140 per m2
87
What access route consideration are outlined under Part M
775 min width for doors, 800mm for wheelchair 900mm corridor width and 1050mm for wheelchair
88
What is BS8300
provides guidance on how buildings should be designed, constructed and maintained to create accessible and inclusive environments.
89
How is thermal bridging identified?
Visual - cold/damp patches - condensation Infrared thermography - thermal camera to identify heat loss
90
What are timber firrings and how are they installed
thin timber battens used to create a sloped surface. Lay battens acrioss the deck
91
91
Building Surveying APC
flashcards
Decks in class (23)
# Cards
Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2026 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions