Core 2

Question 1

Assuming that a power plant needs 10,000 dry short tons (DST) of coal with a heating value of 10,000 BTU/lb on dry basis and you can only produced 5,000 DST at a heating value of 8,000 on dry basis, how much imported coal with a heating value of 15,000 BTU/lb on dry basis do you need for blending?
a. 4,000
b. 5,000
c. 6,000
d. 7,000

Answer 1

a. 4,000

Required coal: 10,000 DST
Heating value: 10,000 BTU/lb
Convert DST to pounds:
1 DST = 2000 lb
→ 10,000 DST = 10,000 × 2000 = 20,000,000 lb
Total BTUs required:
20,000,000 lb × 10,000 BTU/lb = 200,000,000,000 BTU
Available local coal: 5,000 DST = 5,000 × 2000 = 10,000,000 lb
Heating value: 8,000 BTU/lb
Total BTUs from local coal:
10,000,000 lb × 8,000 BTU/lb = 80,000,000,000 BTU
Requirement = 200,000,000,000 BTU
Supplied = 80,000,000,000 BTU
Deficit = 120,000,000,000 BTU
Heating value of imported coal = 15,000 BTU/lb
Pounds needed:
120,000,000,000 ÷ 15,000 = 8,000,000 lb
Convert back to DST:
8,000,000 ÷ 2000 = 4,000 DST

Question 2

A company owns ten blocks (1,000 hectares per block) of coal concession underlain by a 2-meter coal seam with a specific gravity of 1.25 of export quality. The coal deposit can be mined by room and pillar at 50% extraction but the coal has to be washed. The buyers want to sign a long term coal supply contract for 5 million tons of washed coal a year for 20 years. What is the minimum recovery that has to be achieved at the washing plant?
a. 70%
b. 75%
c. 80%
d. 85%

Answer 2

c. 80%

Number of blocks = 10
Area per block = 1,000 hectares
Total area = 10 × 1,000 = 10,000 hectares
Convert hectares to m²:
1 hectare = 10,000 m²
→ 10,000 ha = 10,000 × 10,000 = 100,000,000 m²
Seam thickness = 2 m
Volume of coal = Area × Thickness = 100,000,000 × 2 = 200,000,000 m³
Specific gravity (SG) = 1.25
1 m³ coal weighs = 1.25 t
In-place coal = 200,000,000 × 1.25 = 250,000,000 tons
Recoverable before washing = 250,000,000 × 0.50 = 125,000,000 tons
Buyer wants: 5 million tons/year × 20 years = 100,000,000 tons of washed coal
Let R = recovery % at wash plant.
Washed coal produced = 125,000,000 × R
This must be ≥ 100,000,000
So:
R ≥ 100,000,000 ÷ 125,000,000
R ≥ 0.80 = 80%

Question 3

What is a URL?
a. A web address
b. A special software program
c. An email address
d. A computer hardware

Answer 3

a. A web address

A (Uniform Resource Locator) URL is essentially a complete address used to find a specific resource on the internet, such as a webpage, image, or video. Just like a street address tells a delivery person where to find a house, a URL tells a web browser where to find a website.

Question 3

The depreciation method allocates the cost of an asset equally to each year of its useful life.
a. Units-of-output method
b. Declining Balance Method
c. Sum-of-the-Years Digit Method
d. Straightline method

Answer 3

d. Straightline method

a. Units-of-output method depreciates an asset based on its actual usage (e.g., miles driven or products made), not time.
b & c: Declining Balance and Sum-of-the-Years Digit methods are accelerated depreciation methods that recognize a higher depreciation expense in the early years of an asset’s life and a lower expense in later years.

Question 3

It refers to the probability of certainty, i.e. that most common ___________ are 95% and 99% which means that there is only 5% and 1% respectively, room for error that mean will not lie with within the confidence interval.
a. Degree of certainty
b. Confidence interval
c. Degree of confidence
d. Fiducial interval

Answer 3

c. Degree of confidence

a. Degree of certainty: While the phrase “degree of certainty” conceptually relates to the topic, it is not the correct or standard term used in statistics. The proper statistical terminology is degree of confidence or simply confidence level.
b. Confident interval: A confidence interval, on the other hand, is not a percentage but a range of values. For example, a confidence interval might be stated as “the true mean lies between 10 and 20.”
d. A fiducial interval is a historical statistical concept developed by Ronald Fisher. It’s a method for creating a range of values similar to a confidence interval, but it relies on a different logical foundation that is no longer widely used or accepted in modern statistics.

Question 4

A mine is projected to post a net cash flow as follows:
Year 1 1995 - Php 3,000,000
Year 1 1996 - Php 3,000,000
Year 1 1997 - Php 3,500,000
Year 1 1998 - Php 3,000,000
Year 1 1999 - Php 2,500,000

If the mine is capitalized at Php 10,000,000 coming from a loan of the same amount and payable at 12% interest per year its net present value shall be?
a. Php 800,000
b. Php 850,000
c. Php 900,000
d. Php 950,000

Answer 4

c. Php 900,000

We discount the cash flows at the loan/discount rate (12%) and subtract the Php 10,000,000 initial capital.

PV of cash flows:
Year 1: 3,000,000 / 1.12 = 2,678,571.43
Year 2: 3,000,000 / 1.12² = 2,391,232.53
Year 3: 3,500,000 / 1.12³ = 2,495,976.79
Year 4: 3,000,000 / 1.12⁴ = 1,909,925.69
Year 5: 2,500,000 / 1.12⁵ = 1,389,798.89
Total PV = ≈ Php 10,886,505.30
NPV = PV − Initial capital = 10,886,505.30 − 10,000,000 = ≈ Php 886,505.30

Question 4

In reviewing feasibility study done by somebody else, what is the most important to check?
a. Geological assessment
b. Computations
c. Validity of assumptions
d. Methodology

Answer 4

c. Validity of assumptions

A feasibility study is built on a series of assumptions that serve as the foundation for all subsequent analyses and conclusions. These assumptions cover every critical aspect of a project, including:
1. Financial Factors: Such as the discount rate, projected inflation, and future commodity prices.
2. Operational Factors: Such as the production rate, operating costs, and labor productivity.
3. Market Factors: Such as market size, demand, and competitive landscape.
4. Technical Factors: Such as the efficiency of a plant or the recovery rate of a mineral.

If these initial assumptions are flawed, unrealistic, or overly optimistic, the entire study is compromised.

Question 5

Aside from the core and drill cuttings another form of sample obtained when doing sampling by drilling is the?
a. Drilling mud
b. Flush-out water
c. Sludge
d. Slurry

Answer 5

c. Sludge

Sludge is another form of sample obtained during drilling, alongside core and drill cuttings. It is a mixture of pulverized rock or soil and drilling fluid that accumulates at the bottom of the drill hole or is brought to the surface. It can be collected and analyzed to provide a composite sample of the formation being drilled.

a. Drilling Mud: This is the medium used to facilitate the drilling process. While the mud brings the cuttings to the surface, and it can be sampled to check its properties (e.g., density, viscosity).
d. Slurry: This is a broad term for any mixture of a liquid with solid particles. While drilling mud is a type of slurry, the term is too generic to be the specific answer to the question. Sludge is a more precise term for the solid-rich sample obtained from the fluid.

Question 5

What do you call the entry page, or the main page of a website?
a. HTTP
b. Home Page
c. URL
d. Search engine

Answer 5

b. Home Page

a. HTTP: This stands for Hypertext Transfer Protocol. It is the protocol used for transmitting web pages over the internet, not the name of a web page itself.
c. URL: A URL (Uniform Resource Locator) is the full address of a website or a specific web page. For example, https://www.google.com is a URL, and it directs you to Google’s home page.
d. Search engine: A search engine is a tool, like Google or Bing, that helps users find information on the internet. While a search engine might display a website’s home page in its results, it is not the home page itself.

Question 5

It is the act that regulates the practice of mining engineering for licensing and registration of personnel of mines.
a. RA 7942
b. RA 4274
c. RA 7442
d. RA 7076

Answer 5

b. RA 4274

RA 4274, also known as the “Mining Engineering Law of the Philippines,” is the specific legislation that governs the practice of mining engineering. Enacted on June 19, 1965, its purpose is to regulate the profession by providing for the licensing and registration of mining engineers and other personnel of mines and quarries.

Question 6

The PNOC-Zamboanga Sibugay Coal Project.
a. COC 41
b. COC 42
c. COC 121
d. COC 122

Answer 6

a. COC 41

The PNOC-Zamboanga Sibugay Coal Project operates under Coal Operating Contract (COC) 41. This project is located within the Malangas Coal Reservation in Zamboanga Sibugay, and it is a key asset for the Philippine National Oil Company - Exploration Corporation (PNOC-EC) in its mission to develop the country’s indigenous energy sources.

Question 6

What is the maximum area for Mineral Agreement onshore in the entire Philippines that a corporation may hold?
a. 100 blocks
b. 200 blocks
c. 300 blocks
d. 400 blocks

Answer 6

b. 200 blocks

For Corporations:
Onshore, in the entire Philippines: 200 blocks
Offshore, in the entire Philippines: 400 blocks

For Individuals:
Onshore, in any one province: 10 blocks
Onshore, in the entire Philippines: 20 blocks
Offshore, in the entire Philippines: 40 blocks

Question 6

The level of volume of sales where marginal income equals the total fixed costs.
a. Indirect sales
b. Cut-off point
c. Closure level
d. Breakeven point

Answer 6

d. Breakeven point

The breakeven point is the level of sales where a business’s total revenue equals its total costs. At this point, the business is not making a profit nor is it incurring a loss.

The term marginal income is also known as the contribution margin. It is the amount of revenue remaining after subtracting all variable costs. This remaining income contributes to covering the company’s fixed costs.

Question 7

The hectare is the most commonly used unit of area of large tracts of land. It is equal to?
a. 100 sqm
b. 1,000 sqm
c. 10,000 sqm
d. 100,000 sqm

Answer 7

c. 10,000 sqm

Question 7

In drilling for evaluation purposes, a larger hole diameter is usually preferred because?
a. It is faster
b. Its cost is lower
c. It leads to higher core recovery
d. None of these

Answer 7

c. It leads to higher core recovery

Question 8

Future cash flows are converted into present values by:
a. Projection
b. Discounting
c. Compounding
d. Extrapolation

Answer 8

b. Discounting.

Discounting is the process of calculating the present value of a sum of money that is expected to be received in the future. It is a fundamental financial concept that accounts for the time value of money, which states that money available today is worth more than the same amount in the future due to its potential earning capacity.

The process uses a discount rate, which is typically an interest rate, to reduce the value of the future cash flows.

Compounding vs. Discounting
Compounding is the process of determining the future value of a present sum of money. It answers the question, “If I invest Php 1,000 today, what will it be worth in five years?”
Discounting is the reverse. It answers the question, “What is the Php 1,000 I expect to receive in five years worth to me today?”

Question 9

In computer applications, ROM stands for?
a. Run-of-Mine
b. Reduced Order Modelling
c. Read-Only Memory
d. Random Online Memory

Answer 9

c. Read-Only Memory

Question 10

The 1987 Philippine Constitution makes it possible for fully owned foreign companies to participate in the Philippine mining industry through a:
a. Mineral Production Sharing Agreement
b. Financial or Technical Assistance Agreement
c. Mining Lease Contract
d. Service Contract

Answer 10

b. Financial or Technical Assistance Agreement

Question 10

Indigenous People’s Rights Act of 1997.
a. RA 8749
b. RA 8371
c. RA 8479
d. RA 8991

Answer 10

b. RA 8371

Question 11

The practice of company officers trading in their own company’s shares is:
a. none of my business
b. nothing wrong with it
c. illegal and unethical
d. illegal but good for the company

Answer 11

c. illegal and unethical

The practice of company officers trading in their own company’s shares based on non-public, material information is known as insider trading. It is considered illegal and unethical.

Question 12

Modern mining companies are now committed to sustainable development. What cost item must be internalized and made part of the operating costs to reflect this particular commitment?
a. Depreciation
b. Taxes
c. Cost of environmental protection
d. Government royalties

Answer 12

c. Cost of environmental protection

Question 13

This is charged before the mineral or mineral product is extracted and sold.
a. Occupational fee
b. Excise tax
c. Income tax
d. Depletion

Answer 13

a. Occupational fee. An occupational fee is a fee that is charged periodically (usually annually) to a company for the right to hold and occupy a mining concession or claim. This fee must be paid regardless of whether any mining has taken place or if any mineral has been extracted or sold. It is a cost incurred before a company can even begin the process of extraction.

b. Excise tax is a tax on a specific product and is usually levied at the point of production or sale, meaning it is charged after the mineral has been extracted. In the Ph, it’s 4%.
c. Income tax is a tax on a company’s profit, which is calculated and charged at the end of a fiscal period after all revenue and expenses have been accounted for.
d. Depletion is a non-cash accounting expense that allows a company to deduct the cost of a natural resource over time as the resource is consumed. It is recorded after extraction and sale, similar to how depreciation works for a tangible asset.

Question 13

What government agency award coal operating contracts?
a. MGB
b. DOE
c. DENR
d. LGU

Answer 13

b. DOE (Department of Energy).

The Department of Energy (DOE) is the principal government agency in the Philippines responsible for awarding and administering Coal Operating Contracts (COCs). These contracts grant private entities the right to explore, develop, and utilize the country’s coal resources.

Question 14

When supply exceeds demand for a particular stock, __________ will subsequently take place.
a. Importation of goods
b. Exportation of goods
c. Increase in demand
d. Reduce of price

Answer 14

d. Reduction of price.

When the supply of a product exceeds the demand for it, a surplus is created. To sell this excess inventory and move the market back toward a balance (equilibrium), sellers must lower the price. A lower price encourages consumers to buy more of the product, which helps to eliminate the surplus.

Question 15

What satellite series now enables workers in isolated places to communicate with their head officer which may be located in another continent? a. Challenger series b. Apollo series c. Inmarsat series d. All of these

Answer 15

c. Inmarsat series. Inmarsat is a global mobile satellite communications company that provides voice and data services to users in some of the most remote and isolated places on Earth. Its network of geostationary satellites allows for reliable, long-distance communication for industries like shipping, aviation, and mining, making it the ideal solution for workers operating far from traditional terrestrial networks. a. Challenger series refers to the Space Shuttle Challenger, a single spacecraft that was part of NASA's Space Shuttle program. It was a vehicle used for space missions, not a satellite network for commercial communication. b. Apollo series refers to NASA's Apollo program, a series of space missions dedicated to landing humans on the Moon. These missions were for scientific exploration, not for establishing a commercial communication network.

Question 15

What is the Nickel Production of the country in 2018? a. 344,900 MT b. 323,300 MT c. 333,900 MT d. 422,200 MT

Answer 15

a. 344,900 MT Philippines—The Philippines ranked second in mine production, with 344,915 t, a slight increase compared with that in 2017. Operations at 10 mines remained idled throughout 2018 owing to the Department of Environment and Natural Resources’ ongoing audit to determine the adequacy of each operation’s environmental protection measures (Mines and Geosciences Bureau, 2019). In 2024, the Philippines produced an estimated 330,000 metric tons of nickel. This represents a significant decline from the 413,000 metric tons produced in 2023.

Question 16

It refers to the ratio of earnings from an investment and the amount invested for a specified period. a. Equity ratio b. Interest ratio c. Quick ratio d. Current ratio e. Rate of Return

Answer 16

e. ROR or Rate of Return. If ROR is not in the option, you should answer Equity Ratio. a. Equity ratio: measures the proportion of a company's assets financed by shareholders' equity, indicating financial leverage. b. Interest ratio: is not a standard financial ratio; however, related terms like the Interest Coverage Ratio measure a company's ability to meet its interest payment obligations. This likely refers to the Interest Coverage Ratio, which measures a company's ability to cover its interest expenses with its earnings before interest and taxes (EBIT). c. Quick ratio: (or acid-test ratio) is a liquidity ratio that assesses a company's ability to meet its short-term liabilities with its most liquid assets. d. Current ratio: is another liquidity ratio that measures a company's ability to pay off its short-term liabilities using its total current assets.

Question 16

The yearly deduction required allowed to recover an investment in minerals in place is called? a. Depreciation b. Amortization c. Discounting d. Depletion

Answer 16

d. Depletion. Depletion is the specific accounting method used to recover the cost of a natural resource, such as minerals, timber, oil, or gas. It is a non-cash expense that is recognized over time as the resource is extracted or consumed. It's the equivalent of depreciation, but applied to a wasting asset like a mineral deposit. a. Depreciation is the accounting method for allocating the cost of tangible assets (e.g., machinery, buildings, and equipment) over their useful life. b. Amortization is the accounting method for allocating the cost of intangible assets (e.g., patents, copyrights, and goodwill) over their useful life. c. Discounting is a financial calculation that determines the present value of future cash flows.

Question 17

Where is the only known Philippine Uranium Deposit? a. Bataan b. Palawan c. Camarines Norte d. Benguet

Answer 17

c. Camarines Norte. Specifically, the deposit is found in the Larap area of the Paracale District in the province. Although it is the sole known uranium occurrence in the country, it is not considered to be commercially viable for large-scale mining operations at this time.

Question 17

Some top mining executives are so busy that they only read the Executive Summary of a Feasibility Study. What should be contained in the Executive Summary as a minimum? a. Brief geology of the deposit b. Brief historical background c. Discussions of the methods used d. Essential Conclusions and Recommendations

Answer 17

d. Essential Conclusions and Recommendations

Question 18

What is the maximum area for exploration permit on shore in any province that corporations may hold? a. 500 blocks b. 1000 blocks c. 1500 blocks d. 2000 blocks

Answer 18

According to the Philippine Mining Act of 1995 (Republic Act No. 7942), a qualified corporation, cooperative, or association may hold an Exploration Permit with the following maximum area limits: Onshore, in any one province: 1,000 blocks Onshore, in the entire Philippines: 2,000 blocks Offshore, in the entire Philippines: 4,000 blocks

Question 19

Which of the following mines do not produce copper? a. Lepanto Consolidated Mining Corporation b. OceanaGold Philippines Incorporated c. Philex Mining Corporation d. FCF Minerals

Answer 19

d. FCF Minerals FCF Minerals operates the Runruno Gold-Molybdenum Project in Nueva Vizcaya, focusing on gold production. a. Lepanto Consolidated Mining Corporation produces gold, silver, and copper. b. OceanaGold Philippines Incorporated operates the Didipio Mine, which produces both gold and copper. c. Philex Mining Corporation operates the Padcal Mine, which is a major producer of copper, gold, and silver.

Question 20

The GPS commonly used in modern surveying is dependent on: a. Russian satellites b. Chinese satellites c. US satellites d. Indonesian satellites

Answer 20

c. US satellites a. Russian satellites are part of the GLONASS system. b. Chinese satellites are part of the BeiDou system. *The European Union also has its own system called Galileo.

Question 20

Globalization in the Mining Industry is something to be: a. Adjusted to as it is inevitable b. Ignored as it will never happen c. Resisted at all costs d. None of these

Answer 20

a. Adjusted to as it is inevitable

Question 21

What do you call a power plant located near a coal mine? a. Pulverized coal-fired plant b. Mine-mouth power plant c. Fluidized bed power plant d. Build-Operate-Transfer Coal-fired Power Plant

Answer 21

b. Mine-mouth power plant. This term refers to a power plant that is located right at or very near the source of its fuel, a coal mine. The primary advantage of this arrangement is the significant reduction in transportation costs, as the coal can be moved directly from the mine to the plant, often via a conveyor belt. *Pulverized coal-fired plant and Fluidized bed power plant are both types of technology used to burn coal more efficiently. *Build-Operate-Transfer Coal-fired Power Plant describes a project financing model, not its location.

Question 22

1 troy ounce is equal to how many grams? a. 28.3495 grams b. 29.16667 grams c. 29.57 grams d. 31.1035 grams

Answer 22

d. 31.1035 grams

Question 23

Privatization of state-owned mines has become a global trend in developing countries in order to: a. conserve state resources for another use b. attract private capital c. promote greater efficiency d. all of these

Answer 23

d. all of these

Question 23

Supergene enrichment in a copper deposit usually occurs: a. below the sulfide zone b. just below the oxide zone c. above the oxide zone d. all of these

Answer 23

b. just below the oxide zone 1. Leached Cap (Gossan): At the very top, acidic rainwater dissolves primary sulfide minerals. This zone is typically barren of valuable metals and is often stained red or brown by iron oxides. 2. Oxide Zone: Just below the leached cap and above the water table, the dissolved metals may precipitate as oxides, carbonates, or sulfates. This zone is still within an oxidizing environment. 3. Supergene Sulfide Enrichment Zone: This is where the enrichment occurs. As the metal-rich acidic solutions from the leached zone trickle downwards, they reach the water table. The chemical conditions change from oxidizing to reducing, causing the dissolved metals to precipitate. The metals react with remaining primary sulfides, creating a highly enriched zone of secondary sulfide minerals. This zone is often referred to as the "supergene blanket." Therefore, supergene enrichment takes place just below the oxide zone, at the boundary where the oxidizing surface waters meet the reducing environment of the primary sulfide zone.

Question 24

The use of credit borrowed funds to improve one's speculative capacity and increase the rate of return from an investment. a. Leverage b. Stock transfer c. Stock trading d. Dividends

Answer 24

a. Leverage Leverage is the use of borrowed funds (debt) to finance an investment or project with the goal of increasing the potential return. b. Stock transfer is the administrative process of changing stock ownership from one party to another. c. Stock trading is the act of buying and selling stocks, which may or may not involve leverage. d. Dividends are a portion of a company's earnings paid out to its shareholders; they are a form of investment return, not a method of financing it.

Question 25

Under the principle of sustainable mining, which of the following should take precedence over the rest? a. Economic viability b. Social acceptability c. Environmental sustainability d. Legal compliance

Answer 25

c. Environmental sustainability

Question 26

What company expired its FTAA in 2019? a. Sagittarius Mines Incorporated b. Filminera Resources Corporation c. OceanaGold Philippines Incorporated d. FCF Minerals

Answer 26

c. OceanaGold Philippines Incorporated Its Financial or Technical Assistance Agreement (FTAA) for the Didipio Gold-Copper Project was set to expire on June 20, 2019. The renewal of this agreement became a significant point of contention with the Philippine government and local officials.

Question 26

According to IPRA Law, what must be secured from Indigenous Peoples before mining is allowed? a. Certificate of Indigency b. Barangay Resolution c. Free, Prior, and Informed Consent d. Social License to Operate

Answer 26

c. Free, Prior, and Informed Consent b. Barangay Resolution: While a company may need a resolution from a local village council as part of its permits, it does not replace the specific FPIC process mandated by IPRA Law for ancestral domains. d. Social License to Operate: This is an informal, non-legal term that refers to a community's general acceptance of a company's operations. While FPIC is a key part of securing a social license, the social license itself is not the specific legal requirement under the IPRA Law.

Question 27

1 carat is equal to how many grams? a. 0.1 grams b. 0.2 grams c. 0.3 grams d. 0.4 grams

Answer 27

b. 0.2 grams. A carat is a unit of mass used specifically for gemstones and pearls. Its weight was standardized at 0.2 grams (or 200 milligrams) in 1907 by the Fourth General Conference on Weights and Measures.

Question 28

How much concentrate would you need to completely line 50% of a 2 kilometer 4 meters by 5 meters tunnel with a 7-centimeter-thick concrete? a. 890 cu.m. b. 752 cu.m. c. 1241 cu.m. d. 1400 cu.m.

Answer 28

c. 1241 cu.m. Tunnel cross-section perimeter = 2 × (4 m + 5 m) = 18 m Length to be lined = 50% of 2 km = 1,000 m Surface area to be lined = perimeter × length = 18 m × 1,000 m = 18,000 m² Thickness = 7 cm = 0.07 m Volume = area × thickness = 18,000 m² × 0.07 m = 1,260 m³ Closest choice: c. 1241 cu.m.

Question 28

This is the Renewable Energy Act of 2008. a. RA 11285 b. RA 9513 c. RA 8479 d. RA 7638

Answer 28

b. RA 9513. The Renewable Energy Act of 2008 is officially known as Republic Act No. 9513. It was signed into law on December 16, 2008, with the goal of promoting the development, use, and commercialization of renewable energy resources in the Philippines to reduce the country's dependence on fossil fuels.

Question 28

Who was the famous mining engineer who later became President of the United States during the 20th Century? a. Roosevelt b. Hoover c. Taft d. Kennedy

Answer 28

b. Hoover Herbert Hoover, the 31st President of the United States, was a world-renowned mining engineer before he entered politics. A graduate of Stanford University's first class, he made his fortune working as an international mining consultant and financier, with projects spanning the globe from China and Australia to Russia and Burma. He was widely known as a brilliant problem-solver in the mining industry before he became a public figure.

Question 29

Formerly low grade non-commercial gold deposits become viable despite of lower gold prices mainly because of? a. Technological Advances b. Government Intervention c. Decrease of gold inventory d. Higher demand

Answer 29

a. Technological Advances The viability of a mineral deposit is determined by its cut-off grade, which is the minimum grade of ore that can be economically mined. When gold prices are low, a deposit's cut-off grade rises, making it less profitable. However, technological advances in the mining industry can lower the cost of production, which in turn lowers the cut-off grade and makes previously non-commercial deposits profitable. How Technology Makes It Possible 1. Heap Leaching: This process allows for the extraction of gold from large volumes of low-grade ore at a significantly lower cost than traditional milling and smelting. 2. Automation and Robotics: Autonomous trucks and drills can operate 24/7 with greater efficiency, reducing labor costs and improving productivity. 3. Advanced Data Analytics and AI: These technologies are used to optimize mine planning, ore sorting, and processing, ensuring that only the most valuable material is extracted and processed.

Question 29

Water, sea, bottom and substratum measured 24 nautical miles seaward from the baseline of the Philippine archipelago. a. Archipelagic sea b. Exclusive Economic Zone c. Offshore d. Contiguous zone

Answer 29

d. Contiguous zone Under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), the contiguous zone is a maritime area that extends up to 24 nautical miles from a state's baselines. Within this zone, the coastal state (in this case, the Philippines) has the right to enforce laws concerning customs, fiscal matters, immigration, and sanitation to prevent or punish infringements committed within its territory or territorial sea. a. Archipelagic Sea: This refers to all the waters enclosed by the archipelagic baselines drawn around the outermost islands of the Philippine archipelago. These waters, along with the seabed and subsoil beneath them, are subject to the full sovereignty of the Philippines, just like its land territory. b. Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ): The EEZ is a zone that extends up to 200 nautical miles from a country's baseline. Within this zone, the Philippines does not have full sovereignty but rather sovereign rights to explore, exploit, conserve, and manage the natural resources, both living and non-living, of the waters and the seabed. c. Offshore. This is a general term that refers to any activity or location that is situated away from the coast or out at sea.

Question 29

Under the Philippine Mining Act of 1995, what do you call the entities allowed to hold Exploration permits, Mineral Agreements, and Financial or Technical Assistance Agreements? a. Juridical person b. Qualified person c. Philippine corporation d. Foreign-Owned Corporation

Answer 29

b. Qualified person

Question 30

What law is the Philippine Environmental Code? a. PD 1151 b. PD 1152 c. RA 7586 d. PD 1586

Answer 30

a. PD 1151 Presidential Decree No. 1152 is officially known as the Philippine Environmental Code. It was signed into law on June 6, 1977, and serves as a comprehensive law that sets forth a wide range of environmental policies and quality standards for air, water, land use, waste management, and natural resources. a. PD 1151 is the Philippine Environmental Policy, a related but separate law that mandates environmental impact assessments for all projects that may significantly affect the environment. c. RA 7586 is the National Integrated Protected Areas System (NIPAS) Act of 1992, which establishes and manages the protected areas of the country. d. PD 1586 is the law that established the Environmental Impact Statement System, which is the legal framework for the environmental impact assessment process.

Question 31

To access the worldwide internet in mines located in isolated areas, one must primarily attend to: a. Access roads and bridges b. Power and telecommunications system c. Water works d. All of these

Answer 31

b. Power and telecommunications system. For a mine in an isolated area to access the worldwide internet, it must have a reliable source of power to run all the necessary equipment, from servers to satellite dishes. It also requires a robust telecommunications system to transmit data. In remote locations, this is most often accomplished through satellite internet or long-range microwave links.

Question 31

What is the present value of a mine? a. The difference between the total investments and future net cash flows discounted over time. b. Method of evaluation mine venture. c. The sum of all future net earnings d. The difference between gross income and operating costs.

Answer 31

a. The difference between the total investments and future net cash flows discounted over time.

Question 32

How many days per year will a local coal mine producing 10,000 tons per day have to operate to supply a power plant requiring 1 million tons a year of which 70% is imported? a. 20 days b. 30 days c. 100 days d. 200 days

Answer 32

b. 30 days Total requirement = 1,000,000 tons/year Imported = 70% = 0.70 × 1,000,000 = 700,000 tons Local = 30% = 0.30 × 1,000,000 = 300,000 tons Production rate = 10,000 tons/day Days = Local requirement ÷ Daily capacity = 300,000 ÷ 10,000 = 30 days

Question 32

What is the maximum area that a corporation may apply for or hold an Exploration Permit in the entire Philippines onshore? a. 16,200 hectares b. 3,240 hectares c. 32,400 hectares d. 81,000 hectares

Answer 32

c. 32,400 hectares or 400 blocks a. Onshore, in any one province — a.1 For an individual — twenty (20) blocks or approximately one thousand six hundred twenty (1,620) hectares; and a.2 Fora corporation, partnership, association or cooperative — two hundred (200) blocks or approximately sixteen thousand two hundred (16,200) hectares. b. Onshore, in the entire Philippines — b.1. For an individual -forty (40) blocks or approximately three thousand two hundred forty (3,240) hectares; and b.2. For a corporation, partnership, associations or cooperatives — four hundred (400) blocks or approximately thirty-two thousand four hundred (32,400) hectares. c. Offshore, in the entire Philippines, beyond five hundred meters (500 m) from the mean low tide level — c.1 For an individual-one hundred (100) blocks or approximately eight thou­sand one hundred (8,100) hectares; and c.2. For a corporation, partnership, association or cooperative — one thousand (1,000) blocks or approximately eighty-one thousand (81,000) hectares.

Question 33

When the mine owner is primarily concerned with recovering his investments as quickly as possible, what would be the most appropriate measure for quickly evaluating various mining projects? a. NPV b. IRR c. Payback d. DCF

Answer 33

c. Payback. The payback period is a capital budgeting tool that calculates the amount of time required for a project's cash flows to recover its initial investment. When a mine owner's primary concern is to recover their investment as quickly as possible, the payback period is the most direct and relevant metric to use, as it explicitly measures the speed of recouping the initial capital. *NPV (Net Present Value) and IRR (Internal Rate of Return) measure a project's overall profitability and rate of return over its entire lifespan, which is a different concern than the speed of investment recovery. *DCF (Discounted Cash Flow) is a broad valuation method that uses the concept of time value of money to determine an investment's value. NPV and IRR are derived from a DCF analysis, but they do not directly answer the question of how quickly the investment is paid back.

Question 33

A part of Mineral Resource for which quantity and grade (or quality) are estimated on the basis of limited geological evidence and sampling. Geological evidence is sufficient to imply but not verify geological and grade (or quality) continuity. a. Inferred b. Indicated c. Measured d. Probable

Answer 33

a. Inferred

Question 33

What sector first introduced the concept of production sharing in resource development in the Philippines? a. Mining b. Forestry c. Fisheries d. Energy

Answer 33

d. Energy. The concept of production sharing was first formalized in the Philippines by the Oil Exploration and Development Act of 1972 (Presidential Decree No. 87). This law established the service contract system, where a private company (contractor) undertakes all the financial and technical risks of exploring and developing petroleum resources in exchange for a share of the production, while the government retains full ownership and control. This pioneering framework in the energy sector later served as a model for other resource industries, including mining, which uses a similar model known as the Mineral Production Sharing Agreement (MPSA)

Question 33

What is the purpose of roasting the Lepanto copper concentrates prior to delivery to PASAR smelter? a. lack of space to stock the Lepanto concentrate in the PASAR yard. b. to reduce moisture content c. to reduce arsenic content of the concentrate to acceptable level before smelting at PASAR. d. to increase gold content and demand better price

Answer 33

c. to reduce arsenic content of the concentrate to acceptable level before smelting at PASAR. Lepanto's copper ore is known to contain the arsenic-bearing mineral enargite (Cu3AsS4). Arsenic is a problematic impurity for copper smelters like PASAR. It is toxic, poses environmental risks, and can negatively impact the final copper product's quality.

Question 34

What is the meaning of RADAR? a. Remote and Distant Automatic Reading b. Radio Detecting and Automatic Ranging c. Remote Detecting and Reading d. Radio Detection and Ranging

Answer 34

d. Radio Detection and Ranging

Question 34

Heritage Holding Ltd. declared stock options for all its Mining Engineers during its stockholders meeting in 1995 at a price half the par value of P10.00 per share. The Mine Superintendent purchased 1,000 shares of stick at said price option. Three years later, he sold all his shares of stock at P15.00 per share. How much profit (before tax) did he realize? a. P5,000 b. P10,000 c. P15,000 d. P20,000

Answer 34

b. P10,000 Par value = ₱10/share Option price = ½ × 10 = ₱5/share Shares bought = 1,000 Cost = 1,000 × 5 = ₱5,000 Selling price = ₱15/share Total proceeds = 1,000 × 15 = ₱15,000 Profit = Sale proceeds − Purchase cost = 15,000 − 5,000 = ₱10,000

Question 34

The point where the curve leaves the first tangent. a. Point of tangency b. Vertex c. Point of curvature d. Middle ordinate

Answer 34

c. Point of curvature. The Point of Curvature (PC) is the exact location where a straight line (the tangent) ends and the circular curve begins. In engineering and surveying, it marks the start of the curve. a. Point of Tangency (PT): The point where the curve ends and meets the second tangent. b. Vertex (V or PI): The point where the two tangent lines would intersect if extended. d. Middle Ordinate (MO): The distance from the midpoint of the long chord to the midpoint of the curve.

Question 34

A mines incentive bonus scheme provide for a 50% bonus for development advance beyond the standard of 3 meters per day per crew, for which they get 300 pesos per day. What is the total compensation due toa crew that advanced 110 meters during a 25 working day month, assuming no holidays and no night work? a. 7,500 pesos b. 11,250 pesos c. 12,000 pesos d. 12,750 pesos

Answer 34

d. 12,750 pesos Base pay = ₱300/day × 25 days = ₱7,500 (covers the standard 75 m). Extra advance = 110 − 75 = 35 m. Meter rate = ₱300 / 3 m = ₱100/m. Value of extra advance = 35 × ₱100 = ₱3,500. Bonus = 50% of value of extra = 0.5 × ₱3,500 = ₱1,750. Total = 7,500 + 3,500 + 1,750 = ₱12,750 → d. P12,750.

Question 34

What is LNG, the country's potential imported clean fuel source for the future? a. Liquified Natural Gas b. Leaded Natural Gas c. Loaded Natural Gas d. Liquefied Natural Gas

Answer 34

d. Liquefied Natural Gas

Question 34

An allotrope of carbon characterized by hexagonal structure that facilitates easy cleavage; grey to black color, opaque, very soft, low density, and metallic luster; specific gravity of 2.2; Moh'sHardness of 1-2. a. Diamond b. Graphite c. Amorphous carbon d. Buckminsterfullerene

Answer 34

b. Graphite

Question 34

What is the keyboard shortcut key to lock the computer? a. WINKEY + L b. CTRL + L c. CTRL + SHIFT + T d. ALT + L

Answer 34

a. WINKEY + L

Question 34

You are the owner of a coal mine with a contract to supply 900,000 tons of clean coal per year to a power plant. How much coal do you have to mine per day if your washing plant that produces clean coal has a recovery of only 60% and your mine can operate only 300 days a year? a. 1,800 TPD b. 3,000 TPD c. 4,000 TPD d. 5,000 TPD

Answer 34

d. 5,000 TPD Contract = 900,000 tons clean coal/year Recovery = 60% = 0.60 This means: Clean coal = 0.60 × Raw coal Raw coal needed = Clean coal ÷ 0.60 = 900,000 ÷ 0.60 = 1,500,000 tons/year Mine operates = 300 days/year Raw coal per day = 1,500,000 ÷ 300 = 5,000 TPD

Question 34

What is the maximum volume that will be allowed for extraction under an exclusive Sand and Gravel Permit? a. 50 cubic meters b. 50 metric tons c. 100 cubic mters d. 100 metric tons

Answer 34

b. 50 metric tons Under the Philippine Mining Act of 1995 (RA 7942) and its Implementing Rules and Regulations (DENR Administrative Order No. 96-40), an exclusive Sand and Gravel Permit is a special permit for small-scale, non-commercial extraction. It is granted to a qualified person for their own use, with a maximum volume of 50 cubic meters.

Question 34

In a mining project where you expect to use flotation in the concentrator, where will you expect maximum recovery? a. The complex zone where copper is associated with zinc and lead b. The oxidized zone c. The purely copper sulfide zone d. The leached zone

Answer 34

c. The purely copper sulfide zone. Froth flotation is a highly efficient process for separating sulfide minerals from gangue (waste rock). The process works because sulfide minerals are naturally hydrophobic (water-repelling), allowing them to attach to air bubbles and float to the surface. In a purely copper sulfide zone, the ore is homogenous, and the flotation process can be optimized to recover a single mineral, leading to the highest possible recovery rates. In the oxidized zone, the copper is present as oxides (like malachite or azurite) that are naturally hydrophilic (water-attracting). Flotation is largely ineffective for these minerals and requires complex, costly chemical treatments, resulting in much lower recovery. The complex zone with zinc and lead also has high recovery, but the need to separate multiple sulfide minerals adds complexity to the process, which can slightly reduce overall copper recovery compared to a purely copper ore. The leached zone is an area where valuable minerals have been removed by natural processes, so there is little to no resource left to recover.

Question 34

An assay ton is equivalent to: a. 26.93 grams b. 29.167 grams c. 26.199 grams d. 30 grams

Answer 34

b. 29.167 grams 1 assay ton = 29.167 grams 1 assay ton = 29,167 milligrams

Question 34

Which of the following size distribution of mine tailings has the smallest particle size? a. Silt b. Fine sand c. Clay d. Sediments

Answer 34

c. Clay. Among the options provided, clay has the smallest particle size. Particle size is a fundamental way to classify sediments and soil. The general order from largest to smallest is: Sand: Particles ranging from 2.0 mm down to 0.0625 mm. Silt: Particles ranging from 0.0625 mm down to 0.004 mm. Clay: Particles smaller than 0.004 mm.

Question 34

What is the most recent development in the fast-changing computer industry? a. Personal computer revolution b. Microprocessor development c. Virus updates d. The Internet Revolution

Answer 34

d. The Internet Revolution. While the internet itself has roots in the late 20th century, its widespread adoption and the subsequent transformations it enabled (e-commerce, social media, mobile computing, cloud services, and the Internet of Things) represent the most recent and ongoing revolution in the computer industry.

Question 34

What is the book value of a fixed asset originally purchased at 10 million pesos being depreciated on straight line basis at 20% per annum at the end of the 3rd year? a. 2 Million b. 4 Million c. 6 Million d. 8 Miilion

Answer 34

b. 4 Million Original cost = ₱10,000,000 Depreciation rate (straight-line) = 20% of cost per year = ₱10,000,000 × 0.20 = ₱2,000,000 per year After 3 years: Total depreciation = ₱2,000,000 × 3 = ₱6,000,000 Book value = ₱10,000,000 – ₱6,000,000 = ₱4,000,000

Question 34

Which of the following is an input device? a. Speaker b. Keyboard c. Monitor d. Printer

Answer 34

b. Keyboard

Question 35

What does APEC mean? a. Association of Petroleum Exporting Countries b. Alliance of Petroleum Extracting Countries c. Asia-Pacific Economic Operation d. America-Pacific Energy Consortium

Answer 35

c. Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation. APEC is a regional economic forum established in 1989 to leverage the growing interdependence of the Asia-Pacific region. Its main goal is to promote free trade and sustainable economic growth among its 21 member economies. It's a key organization that drives cooperation on trade, investment, and economic development in the region. Philippines is a founding member of APEC. The Philippines was one of the 12 original economies that established the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) in 1989. The country has played an active role in the organization, including hosting the APEC Summit twice, in 1996 and 2015.

Question 36

One popular software that has been developed to help mine operators compile and analyze volumes of data generated through the life of a mining project is called GIS. What does the stand for? a. Geologic Information System b. Graphical Interaction System c. Geographic Information System d. Geologic Information Service

Answer 36

c. Geographic Information System

Question 36

In the energy mix of the Philippines in 2020, from which of the following is the biggest energy source? a. Hydropower b. Geothermal c. Oil d. Coal

Answer 36

d. Coal. According to data from the Philippine Department of Energy and other sources for 2020, coal accounted for over 50% of the country's total power generation. This makes it the single largest energy source, far surpassing other sources like natural gas, geothermal, and hydropower.

Question 36

The heating value of certain coal on a 95%-moisture free basis is 10,00 BTU/lb. What is its heating value on an as received basis with a moisture content of 15%? a. 1,500 BTU/lb b. 8,500 BTU/lb c. 8, 696 BTU/lb d. 8, 947 BTU/lb

Answer 36

d. 8, 947 BTU/lb

Question 36

These are considerations used to convert Mineral Resources to Mineral Reserves. a. Tonnage Factors b. Geological Knowledge c. Modifying Factors d. Geological Confidence

Answer 36

c. Modifying Factors

Question 36

A locally-assembled computer without a name is usually called: a. A clone b. A compatible c. All of these d. None of these

Answer 36

a. A clone. In the early days of personal computing, an "IBM PC clone" referred to a computer that was not made by IBM but was functionally identical and could run the same software and use the same hardware. Over time, the term "clone" became a general term for any computer built from standard, off-the-shelf components, often by a local or small-scale assembler, and sold without a major brand name.

Question 37

A flashdrive is also known as? a. Thumb drive b. USB Stick c. Gig Stick d. All of the above

Answer 37

d. All of the above Thumb drive: Named for its small size, which is often comparable to a human thumb. USB stick: This is a literal description of the device's function (using a USB port) and its form factor (a small stick). Gig stick: A colloquial term that combines a common unit of storage (gigabyte) with the device's stick-like shape.

Question 37

What is the maximum area onshore under FTAA? a. 1,000 hectares b. 8,100 hectares c. 81,000 hectares d. 324,000 hectares

Answer 37

c. 81,000 hectares. This limit is specified by the Philippine Mining Act of 1995 (Republic Act No. 7942) and its implementing rules. The law defines the limit as 1,000 meridional blocks, with each block being equivalent to approximately 81 hectares.

Question 37

A coal basin underlain by a one-meter-thick continuous horizontal coal seam is open for concession applications. What is the minimum number of coal blocks one has to apply for, to supply the 25-year requirements of a 300-megawatt power plant which require 1.5 million tons of run-of-mine coal a year, assuming a specific gravity of 1.25 for the coal as mined, one block consisting of 1,000 hectares, and a mining recovery of 100% a. 2 blocks b. 3 blocks c. 10 blocks d. 15 blocks

Answer 37

b. 3 blocks Area per block = 1,000 ha = 1,000 × 10,000 m² = 10,000,000 m². Seam thickness = 1 m, so volume per block = 10,000,000 m² × 1 m = 10,000,000 m³. Specific gravity = 1.25 → mass per block = 10,000,000 m³ × 1.25 t/m³ = 12,500,000 tons. Plant requirement = 1.5 million tons/year × 25 years = 37,500,000 tons. Blocks needed = 37,500,000 ÷ 12,500,000 = 3.

Question 37

This is technical study that is an order-of-magnitude technical and economic study of the potential viability of Mineral Resources which includes appropriate assessments of realistically assumed Modifying Factors together with any other relevant operational factors that are necessary to demonstrate at the time of reporting that progress to a Pre-Feasibility Study can be reasonably justified. a. Complete Staff Work b. Scoping Study c. Pre-Feasibility Study d. Feasibility Study

Answer 37

b. Scoping Study

Question 37

Executive Order No. 270 was signed by President Gloria M. Arroyo on January, 2004. The title of the EO is: a. Institutionalizing and implementing reforms in the Philippine mining sector providing policies and guidelines to ensure environmental protection and responsible mining in the utilization of mineral resources. b. National policy on revitalizing mining in the Philippines. c. Mineral Resources Development Decree. d. An act institutionalizing a new system of mineral resources exploration, development, utilization, and conservation.

Answer 37

b. National policy on revitalizing mining in the Philippines.

Question 37

Coal and diamond have one thing in common chemically: a. both are equally expensive b. both are equally hard c. both contain carbon d. both are not true minerals

Answer 37

c. both contain carbon

Question 37

What is maximum validity or term of a mineral agreement? a. 8 years b. 25 years c. 50 years d. 75 years

Answer 37

c. 50 years

Question 37

What is the minimum depth of a vertical shaft that has to be driven to reach a 45 degree dipping orebody which outcrops at elevation 1,400 meters from the outcrop (measured horizontally) but an elevation of 1,380 meters? a. 50 meters b. 60 meters c. 70 meters d. 80 meters

Answer 37

a. 50 meters Orebody outcrop elevation = 1,400 m Elevation at shaft location = 1,380 m Dip of orebody = 45° Vertical shaft to reach orebody Vertical drop=1,400−1,380=20m At 45° dip: tan45∘=1=vertical drop/horizontal distance ⟹x=vertical drop Depth=1,380−(1,400−x)=x−20 Depth=70−20=50m

Question 37

In order to maintain the right direction/center of an opening in underground, it is necessary to put a: a. Baseline b. Vertex c. Centerline d. Gradient line

Answer 37

c. Centerline

Question 37

This act is also known as the "Downstream Oil Industry Deregulation Act of 1998" in order to liberalize and deregulate the downstream oil industry in order to ensure a truly competitive marker under a regime of fair prices, adequate and continuous supply of environmentally-clean and high quality petroleum products. a. RA 8479 b. RA 387 c. RA 6173 d. RA 9513

Answer 37

a. RA 8479 This law was enacted to promote a competitive market, fair prices, and a consistent supply of petroleum products by liberalizing the industry and removing government price controls.

Question 37

Refers to the water, sea bottom and subsurface measured from the baseline of the Philippine archipelago up to two hundred nautical miles (200 n.m.) offshore. a. Contiguous Zone b. Exclusive Economic Zone c. Territorial waters d. Continental Shelf

Answer 37

b. Exclusive Economic Zone a. The Contiguous Zone is a band of water that extends up to 24 nautical miles from the baseline, where a state can enforce laws on customs, taxation, immigration, and sanitation. c. Territorial waters extend only up to 12 nautical miles from the baseline, and a country has full sovereignty over this area. d. The Continental Shelf is a geological term for the seabed and its subsoil, which can extend beyond 200 nautical miles in some cases, but the EEZ is the broader legal term that includes rights to the water column and the seabed up to the 200 nautical mile limit.

Question 37

What is the total term of an Exploration Permit for metallic? a. 2 years b. 4 years c. 6 years d. 8 years

Answer 37

The correct answer is d. 8 years. The total term for an Exploration Permit for metallic minerals in the Philippines is a maximum of 8 years under the regulations of the Philippine Mining Act of 1995 (RA 7942). This term is structured as follows: An initial term of two (2) years. This permit is renewable for like periods, bringing the total term for metallic minerals to six (6) years. In case the permittee has not filed a declaration of mining project feasibility, a further renewal of two (2) years may be granted for the sole purpose of completing the feasibility studies, which brings the total possible term to eight (8) years.

Question 37

In order to ensure just and timely compensation for damages, and progressive and sustainable rehabilitation of any adverse effects of mining operation, DENR/MGB has organized a fund known as: a. MRF b. MWTFRF c. MTF d. CLRF

Answer 37

d. CLRF. The fund established by the DENR/MGB to ensure just and timely compensation for damages and the rehabilitation of mining areas is known as the Contingent Liability and Rehabilitation Fund (CLRF). This fund, mandated by the Philippine Mining Act of 1995 (Republic Act No. 7942), is specifically designed to: Guarantee that mining contractors fulfill their commitments to progressive and final mine rehabilitation. Serve as a source for compensation for damages to the host and neighboring communities. Cover the costs of mine rehabilitation and restoration in the event of contractor failure.

Question 37

The percentage of material initial interest that is extracted during mining and/or processing. A measure of mining or processing efficiency. a. Yield b. Tonnage c. Assay d. Grade

Answer 37

a. Yield. In mining and mineral processing, yield refers to the percentage of the valuable material (e.g., metal, mineral) in the ore that is successfully extracted during the mining and/or processing stages. Tonnage is a measure of mass. Assay is a chemical analysis to determine the concentration of a valuable element. Grade is the concentration of the valuable element within the ore.

Question 37

What is the minimum number of satellites to determine the position of points? a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4

Answer 37

d. 4

Question 38

Mine design can be done by hand or by using a Computer-aided Design (CAD) system. CAD is extensively used because: a. It can be a substitute for management b. It is the in "thing" in the industry c. It facilitates the design process d. It automatically corrects wrong data

Answer 38

c. It facilitates the design process

Question 39

You are driving a horizontal adit at the 1,200 meter level to reach a vertically dipping vein whose outcrop appears at 1,300 meter elevation. The slope between the portal and the outcrop is about 45 degrees. You are advancing at 5 meters per day. How long will it take to hit the vein? a. 10 days b. 20 days c. 30 days d. 40 days

Answer 39

b. 20 days Portal elevation = 1,200 m Vein outcrop elevation = 1,300 m Slope between portal and outcrop ≈ 45° Advance rate = 5 m/day Δh=1,300−1,200=100m tan45∘=1=vertical drop/horizontal distance=100m/5m/day=20 days

Question 40

Which of the following countries is not a member of APEC? a. Chile b. Papua New Guinea c. Russia d. Brazil

Answer 40

d. Brazil APEC stands for Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation, and its member economies are all located within the Asia-Pacific region. Brazil is a South American country and is not a member of APEC. Chile: Joined APEC in 1994. Papua New Guinea: Joined APEC in 1993. Russia: Joined APEC in 1998.

Question 41

What specific provision of RA 7942 or Philippine Mining Act was declared as unconstitutional by the Supreme Court in early 1994? a. Provision of Exploration Permit b. Provision of FTAA c. Provision of MPSA d. Provision of Quarry Resources

Answer 41

b. Provision of FTAA The Supreme Court case of La Bugal-B'laan Tribal Association, Inc. vs. Ramos (G.R. No. 127882) challenged the constitutionality of the Financial or Technical Assistance Agreement (FTAA) provisions of RA 7942. The case centered on whether the FTAA violated the 1987 Philippine Constitution's mandate on the State's ownership and control over natural resources, as it allowed foreign corporations to manage and operate large-scale mining projects. While the Supreme Court initially ruled in favor of the petitioners and declared the FTAA provisions unconstitutional in January 2004, it later reversed its decision in December 2004, and then again in a final resolution in February 2005, ultimately upholding the constitutionality of RA 7942 and its FTAA provisions.

Question 41

Which of the following coal ranks has the lowest moisture content? a. Bituminous b. Sub-bituminous c. Anthracite d. Lignite

Answer 41

c. Anthracite

Question 42

The type of annuity that is due at the end of the interest period is termed as? a. Immediate annuity b. Annuity due c. Deferred annuity d. Advanced annuity e. Ordinary Annuity

Answer 42

e. Ordinary Annuity Ordinary Annuity (or Annuity in Arrears): Payments are made at the end of each period. Examples include mortgage payments, car loans, and bond interest payments. a. Immediate Annuity: Payments begin almost immediately after a single lump-sum payment is made to purchase the annuity. This can be either an ordinary annuity or an annuity due. b. Annuity Due: Payments are made at the beginning of each period. A common example is rent, which is typically paid at the start of the month. c. Deferred Annuity: This is an annuity where payments are postponed until a later date. It has an accumulation phase where funds grow, followed by a payout phase.