1
Q
A ball mill, receiving 100 dry tons of new crude ore per hour, is in operation in closed circuit with a classifier. The percent solids by weight in the feed to the classifier, in the classifier overflow (fines) and sands (coarse) are 50, 25, and 84 respectively. Calculate the percent circulation load.
a. 247.1%
b. 255,7%
c. 235.8%
d. 279.5%
A
a. 247.1%
2
Q
Which of the following elements is the last naturally occurring in the periodic table?
a. Francium
b. Curium
c. Uranium
d. Plutonium
A
c. Uranium
2
Q
In scorification fusion, after the removal of Lead by oxidizing fusion, what is done after?
a. Bead is parted parted with HNO₃ and washed with water.
b. Gold dried, ignited at red heat and weighed on bead balance.
c. Bead is cleaned, flattened and weighed for Ag and Au.
d. Silver is added for parting.
A
a. Bead is parted parted with HNO₃ and washed with water.
2
Q
These refers to the stable, ancient, rigid, continental nucleus of a continent. They are typically characterized by thick and stable crust, often consisting of ancient rocks that have undergone little tectonic activity since their formation. These regions are considered the cores or “building blocks” of continents and are generally found in the interiors of continental plates.
a. Shields
b. Cratons
c. Plutons
d. Basement
A
b. Cratons
2
Q
The balance between the weight of a mountain range and the buoyancy provided by the underlying mantle is termed as?
a. Punctuated equilibrium
b. Homeostatic equilibrium
c. Isostatic equilibrium
d. Osmotic equilibrium
A
c. Isostatic equilibrium
2
Q
This is the highly refined metallic iron containing a little iron silicate slag obtained from either Puddling or Byers Process. This is soft and contains very low carbon.
a. Pig iron
b. Cast iron
c. Wrought iron
d. Sponge iron
A
c. Wrought iron
2
Q
In cupellation, if the bead was in a state of surfusion at the finish and consisted of nearly pure gold and silver it would solidify upon further cooling with the emission of a flash of light known as “blick” or “flash”. This flash is due to which of the following?
a. When the last trace of lead has been removed from the bead they play of colors disappears and the bead becomes dull for a brief period, after which it acquires a normal metallic luster.
b. When the bead contains more than one-third of its weight in gold.
c. Sudden release of the latent heat of fusion the alloy at the moment of solidification.
d. Increased temperature of the muffle which raises the melting point of the bed.
A
c. Sudden release of the latent heat of fusion the alloy at the moment of solidification.
2
Q
This process is usually done to carbonate ores for the purpose of converting carbonate into oxide at temperatures above 1000 degrees Celsius with limited supply of air.
a. Roasting
b. Smelting
c. Refining
d. Calcination
A
d. Calcination
2
Q
It is the size of a mineral as it occurs in the ore.
a. Natural size
b. Grain size
c. Particle size
d. Liberation size
A
b. Grain size
2
Q
The volcanic equivalent of syenite is:
a. Latite
b. Dacite
c. Trachyte
d. Rhyolite
A
c. Trachyte
a. Latite: The intrusive equivalent of latite is monzonite.
b. Dacite: The intrusive equivalent of dacite is granodiorite or sometimes diorite.
d. Rhyolite: The intrusive equivalent of rhyolite is granite.
2
Q
What is the ratio of concentration for treated copper ore with the following assays:
Feed = 0.30% Cu
Concentrate = 22% Cu
Tails = 0.040% Cu
a. 550:1
b. 84.46:1
c. 6.51:1
d. 96:1
A
b. 84.46:1
RatioofConcentration= ConcentrateGrade−TailsGrade/Feed Grade−Tails Grade
3
Q
This is the United Nations body for assessing the science related to climate change. The objective governments at all levels with scientific information than they can use to develop climate policies.
a. UNFCCC
b. IPCC
c. Greenpeace
d. UNEP
A
b. IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change)
a. UNFCCC: The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change is the international treaty under which countries work together to combat climate change.
c. Greenpeace: This is an independent, non-governmental organization (NGO) known for its environmental activism.
d. UNEP: The United Nations Environment Programme is a UN agency that coordinates global environmental efforts and promotes sustainable development.
3
Q
This refers to the “Great Dying” which is the mass extinction that killed over 90% of the species on earth.
a. Ordovician-Silurian Extinction
b. Permian-Triassic Extinction
c. Cretaceous-Paleogene Extinction
d. Trassic-Jurassic Extinction
A
b. Permian-Triassic Extinction
This event, which occurred about 252 million years ago, is the most severe known extinction event in Earth’s history. It is estimated to have wiped out about 96% of all marine species and 70% of terrestrial vertebrate species. The scale of this event is why it is colloquially referred to as the “Great Dying.”
3
Q
A chemical reagent, either an acid, base or salt, and is hetero-polar in nature; the polar part of it has an affinity towards a specific mineral and the non-polar part has an affinity towards an air bubble.
a. Frother
b. Dispersant
c. Depressant
d. Collector
A
d. Collector
a. Frother: A frother is added to reduce the surface tension of the water, creating a stable froth of air bubbles that can effectively carry the mineral particles to the surface.
b. Dispersant: A dispersant is used to prevent fine particles from clumping together, keeping the slurry uniform and allowing the flotation process to work efficiently.
c. Depressant: A depressant is used to make a specific mineral particle hydrophilic (water-loving), preventing it from attaching to air bubbles and causing it to remain in the slurry.
3
Q
In acids used in fire assay, it is essential that nitric acid be free from hydrochloric acid and chlorine to avoid the formation of which of the following mixture in which Gold is soluble.
a. Aurochloric Acid
b. Silver nitrate
c. Aqua regia
d. Silver Chloride
A
c. Aqua regia
a. Aurochloric Acid (HAuCl4): This is the chemical compound that is formed when gold dissolves in aqua regia.
b. Silver nitrate: This is the soluble salt that is intentionally formed during the “parting” step of fire assay.
d. Silver Chloride: : This is a white precipitate (a solid) that would form if hydrochloric acid was present in the nitric acid.
3
Q
What is the dominant mineral in the lower mantel?
a. Forsterite
b. Fayalite
c. Perovskite
d. Bridgmanite
A
d. Bridgmanite: This is a magnesium silicate perovskite. It is the most abundant mineral on Earth, making up over 70% of the volume of the lower mantle. Makes up about 38% of the planet’s total volume.
Forsterite and Fayalite (a and b) are the magnesium and iron end-members, respectively, of the mineral group olivine. Olivine is the dominant mineral in the upper mantle, not the lower mantle.
Perovskite (c) refers to a specific crystal structure. While bridgmanite has a perovskite structure, the name “perovskite” is also used for a different mineral with a different chemical composition
3
Q
On the geologic map, of the contacts between sedimentary rocks units form a series of parallel lines, with the youngest unit in the center, underlying structure is called?
a. Anticline
b. Basin
c. Dome
d. Syncline
A
d. Syncline
a. Anticline: An upward-arching fold. The oldest rocks are found in the center of the fold, which is the opposite of the scenario described.
c. Dome: A large, dome-shaped structure where rock layers arch upward in all directions. The oldest rocks are exposed in the center, and the map pattern is typically concentric circles.
d. Basin: A large, bowl-shaped depression where rock layers dip inward from all sides. The youngest rocks are found in the center, and the map pattern is typically concentric circles.
3
Q
This type of coal is used in power plants to generate electricity.
a. Steaming coal
b. Coking coal
c. Metallurgical coal
d. Hard coal
A
a. Steaming coal: also known as thermal coal, is specifically used to generate steam in boilers.
b. Coking coal (or metallurgical coal) is a high-grade coal used in the production of coke, a key component in the steelmaking industry.
c. Hard coal is a general term that refers to high-rank coals like bituminous and anthracite.
3
Q
A marine waterbody classification for boating, fishing and similar other activities.
a. Class C
b. Class SC
c. Class B
d. Class SB
A
b. Class SC
Class B (Beneficial use): Intended for primary contact recreation (bathing, swimming, etc.)
Class C (Beneficial use): Fishery Water for the propagation and growth of fish and other aquatic resources
Class SA: Waters suitable for ecotourism, shellfish harvesting, and other contact recreational activities (swimming).
Class SB: Waters suitable for commercial fishing and boating, and non-contact recreational activities (such as kayaking).
Class SD: Waters suitable for navigation and as a passing conveyance for polluted wastewater.
3
Q
A minor fold within a major fold.
a. Kink fold
b. En echelon fold
c. Parasitic fold
d. Ptygmatic fold
A
c. Parasitic fold
a. Kink fold: This describes a fold with a sharp hinge and flat, planar limbs. It refers to the geometric style of the fold, not its scale relative to a larger structure.
b. En echelon fold: This describes a series of short, parallel or sub-parallel folds that are arranged in an overlapping, “echelon” pattern. It refers to the spatial arrangement of multiple folds.
d. Ptygmatic fold: This is a term for a chaotic, highly contorted fold, often found in migmatites or veins where a thin, rigid layer has folded within a much more ductile material. It describes the style of a fold.
3
Q
A leaching method where activated carbon is added directly to the leach tanks, so that leaching, and adsorption occur simultaneously in the same tank.
a. CIP
b. CIL
c. CIS
d. CIC
A
b. CIL, or Carbon-in-Leach, is a hydrometallurgical process used for gold extraction. In this method, activated carbon is added directly to the leach tanks containing the finely ground ore and cyanide solution.
3
Q
What is the crystal structure of Chalcopyrite?
a. Isometric
b. Tetragonal
c. Triclinic
d. Hexagonal
A
b. Tetragonal
Chalcopyrite belongs to the tetragonal crystal system, which is characterized by three crystallographic axes that are all at right angles to one another. Two of the axes are of equal length (a and b), while the third (c) is of a different length.
3
Q
On a geologic map, if the contacts between sedimentary rock units from bull’s eye pattern of concentric circles, with the oldest unit in the center, the underlying structure is called?
a. Anticline
b. Basin
c. Dome
d. Syncline
A
c. Dome
Basin: A downward, bowl-shaped structure where all rock layers dip toward a central point. It also forms a concentric circle pattern, but the youngest rocks are found in the center.
Anticline: A linear, upward-arching fold. On an eroded map, the oldest rocks are exposed in the center, but the pattern is typically a series of parallel lines or an elongated oval, not concentric circles.
Syncline: A linear, downward-arching fold. The youngest rocks are found in the center, and the pattern is typically a series of parallel lines or an elongated oval.
3
Q
Which of the following refers to the amount or measure of the inorganic impurities and incombustible mineral present within the coal?
a. Volatile content
b. Ash content
c. Caloric value
d. Total sulfur
A
b. Ash content: It is the residue left behind after a coal sample is completely burned in a furnace. A higher ash content indicates a lower quality coal as it contains less combustible material and creates more solid waste.
a. Volatile content (a) refers to the combustible gases and vapors released when coal is heated in the absence of air. These components contribute to the coal’s heating value.
c. Caloric value (c) is the measure of the heat energy released when the coal is burned. It is a key indicator of coal’s energy quality.
d. Total sulfur (d) is a specific type of impurity in coal. While it is a significant concern for environmental reasons (acid rain).
3
What is the rheology of the asthenosphere?
a. Rigid and Plastic
b. Plastic and Brittle
c. Rigid and Brittle
d. Plastic
d. Plastic
The asthenosphere is a layer of the Earth's upper mantle that is not molten, but is so close to its melting point that it behaves plastically. This means it is a solid that can deform and flow very slowly under stress, much like a very thick fluid.
3
In the processing of Copper, after producing the matte, the next step known as conversion is done to remove the iron and sulphur of the matte by oxidation. When poured to allow solidification, dissolved SO2 gas escapes out. What do you call the product of this process?
a. Blister copper
b. Refined copper
c. Copper anode
d. Copper cathode
a. Blister copper, this is the direct product of the converting stage. It is an impure form of copper (approximately 98.5-99.5% pure) that gets its name from the blisters that form on its surface as dissolved sulfur dioxide gas escapes during solidification.
b. Refined copper: This is a general term for copper that has been purified to a high degree. Blister copper is considered a raw, unrefined product that must undergo further processing.
c. Copper anode: Blister copper is typically cast into large plates called anodes. These anodes are then used in the next stage of purification, known as electrorefining.
d. Copper cathode: This is the final, highly pure product (typically 99.99% Cu) of the electrorefining process. It is the pure copper that is deposited onto a starting sheet from the copper anode.
3
Which element is the last element stars created in their cores through nuclear fusion?
a. Iron
b. Gold
c. Lead
d. Polonium
a. Iron
Nuclear fusion in a star's core is a process that creates energy by fusing lighter elements into heavier ones. This process continues until the star's core is rich in iron. At this point, the fusion process becomes a net energy consumer rather than an energy producer.
Binding Energy: Iron has the highest nuclear binding energy per nucleon of any element. Fusing elements lighter than iron releases energy, which provides the outward pressure that supports the star against gravity.
The End of the Chain: When a star's core begins to fuse silicon into iron, it represents the final stage of nuclear fuel. The fusion of iron nuclei, however, absorbs energy instead of releasing it. This sudden lack of outward pressure causes the star to lose its fight against gravity, leading to a catastrophic collapse and a subsequent supernova explosion.
3
In flotation operation, the tailing from the rougher cells, which may still contain some valuable mineral particles, is treated in another bank of cells called?
a. Rougher
b. Cleaner
c. Scavenger
d. Re-cleaner
c. Scavenger
1. Rougher Cells: The initial stage where the majority of the valuable mineral is recovered from the ore. The goal is to maximize the recovery of the target mineral into a "rougher concentrate," even if the grade is relatively low.
2. Scavenger Cells: The tailings (waste material) from the rougher cells, which may still contain some valuable particles, are sent to this next bank of cells. The purpose of the scavenger stage is to "scavenge" or recover these remaining valuable minerals before the final tailings are discarded.
3. Cleaner Cells: The concentrate produced by the rougher and scavenger cells is often of a low grade. It is sent to the cleaner cells to be re-floated, with the goal of increasing the purity of the final product.
3
This is the crystal variety of Dolomite.
a. Pearl spar
b. Satin spar
c. Alabaster
d. Soapstone
a. Pearl spar
b. Satin spar: This is a fibrous variety of the mineral gypsum, known for its silky luster. It is also sometimes a variety of calcite.
c. Alabaster: This is a fine-grained, massive variety of gypsum used for carving and ornamental purposes.
d. Soapstone: This is a metamorphic rock composed primarily of the mineral talc.
3
The gases in this atmosphere are think enough to slow down meteors hurtling into the atmosphere, where they burn up, leaving fiery trails in the nigh sky. The gases that comprise this layer continue to become denser as one descends. As such, temperatures increases as one descend.
a. Thermosphere
b. Ionosphere
c. Mesosphere
d. Exosphere
c. Mesosphere
The mesosphere, located between 50 and 85 kilometers above the Earth's surface. The mesosphere decreases with increasing altitude.
4
According to DAO 2016-08, which of the following is not a primary parameter for water quality guidelines?
a. Fecal coliform
b. Biochemical Oxygen Demand
c. Total Suspended Solids
d. Mercury
d. Mercury
4
An Iron Ore of 58% Fe contains only Iron Mineral Hematite. What is the percent gangue in Iron Ore?
a. 14.21%
b. 17.07%
c. 19.22%
d. 24.69%
b. 17.07%
4
If the physical properties of the adjacent minerals are sufficiently dissimilar, or of the bond between them is notably weaker than either of them, fracture may take place where?
a. Across the grains of the mineral
b. Random fracturing within the mineral
c. Both along the boundary and across the grains
d. Preferentially at the boundary
d. Preferentially at the boundary
This is the fundamental principle behind mineral liberation in mineral processing. When ore is crushed and ground, the goal is to break it along these natural boundaries to separate the valuable mineral grains from the surrounding waste rock.
4
What is the chief source of error in cupellation?
a. Increased cupellation temperature toward the end of the process.
b. Loss of silver and gold by absorption into the cupel.
c. The presence of impurities in minute accounts that lowers the surface tension of precious metals.
d. Volatilization of precious metals.
b. Loss of silver and gold by absorption into the cupel.
While all the listed options are potential sources of error, the most significant and inherent loss in the cupellation process is the absorption of a small, but unavoidable, amount of gold and silver into the porous bone ash material of the cupel along with the molten lead oxide.
4
Which of the following is not an important ore of aluminum?
a. Kaolin
b. Alunite
c. Cryolite
d. Sillimanite
d. Sillimanite.
While the other minerals listed contain aluminum and can be considered minor or potential ores, Sillimanite is primarily used as a refractory material due to its high melting point and is not an important ore for aluminum extraction.
4
These are flotation agents react chemically with the mineral particle surfaces to produce insoluble protective coatings of a wettable nature making them non-floatable even in the presence of a proper collector.
a. Activator
b. Depressants
c. Dispersants
d. Frother-Collectors
b. Depressants
4
This mechanism of fracture occurs when a force (shear force) acts parallel due to the surface of the particle. Due to insufficient energy applied on the particle, localized stress occurs, and a small area is fractured to give very fine particles.
a. Compression
b. Chipping
c. Rapid loading
d. Attrition
d. Attrition
a. Compression: This involves a force that acts perpendicularly to the particle's surface, causing it to be crushed or squeezed.
b. Chipping: This is a result or type of fracture, not the underlying mechanism itself.
d. Rapid loading: This describes the rate at which a force is applied (e.g., in impact crushing) but is not a fundamental fracture mechanism.
4
Which of the following is used as flux in the blast furnace to combine with the charged impurities to form fluid slag and control the sulphur content of the molten pig iron?
a. Metallurgical coke
b. Limestone
c. Gypsum
d. Manganese ore
b. Limestone
It is a crucial material used as a flux in a blast furnace. When heated inside the furnace, it decomposes into calcium oxide (CaO) and carbon dioxide. The calcium oxide acts as a basic flux that combines with the acidic impurities (primarily silica) present in the iron ore. This reaction forms a low-melting-point liquid known as slag. The fluid slag is less dense than the molten iron, so it floats on top and can be drained off.
4
What is the silica composition of Mafic rocks?
a. More than 63%
b. Less than 45%
c. 52-63%
d. 45-52%
d. 45-52%
5
What is the distance measured from the center of the inner core of the earth to the upper mantle?
a. 3,480 km
b. 5,561 km
c. 6,281 km
d. 4,200 km
c. 6,281 km
The distance from the center of the Earth to the upper mantle is approximately the radius of the Earth minus the thickness of the crust. The average radius of the Earth is about 6,371 km. Subtracting an average continental crust thickness of around 90 km gives a result of 6,281 km, which is the distance to the top of the upper mantle.
The distance 3,480 km represents the radius of the entire core, which is the distance to the base of the lower mantle, not the upper mantle.
5
Which of the following processes is used to purify Bauxite if it contains too much Fe2O3 in order to produce alumina or pure anhydrous Al2O3?
a. Serpeck Process
b. Bayer Process
c. Hall-Heroult Process
d. Puddling Process
b. Bayer Process
a. Serpeck Process: This is another method for processing bauxite, but it's less common. It involves heating bauxite with carbon and nitrogen to form aluminum nitride, which is then hydrolyzed to produce aluminum hydroxide.
c. Hall-Héroult Process: This process is used to produce aluminum metal from pure alumina not to purify bauxite. It involves the electrolysis of alumina dissolved in molten cryolite.
d. Puddling Process: This is an obsolete process used in the 19th century to produce wrought iron from pig iron.
6
This drainage pattern is characterized by irregular branching of tributary streams that resemble the branching pattern of a deciduous tree. This drainage pattern develops whenever underlying bedrock is relatively uniform, such as flat-lying sedimentary strata or massive igneous rocks.
a. Trellis
b. Dentritic
c. Radial
d. Rectangular
b. Dentritic
a. Trellis: This pattern develops in areas of folded sedimentary rock where resistant and less resistant rock layers alternate. The main streams flow parallel to the folds, and the tributaries join them at nearly right angles, creating a grid-like or trellis-like appearance.
c. Radial: This pattern forms on a volcanic cone, dome, or other isolated high point. The streams flow outward in all directions from a central high point, like the spokes of a wheel.
d. Rectangular: This pattern develops in areas where the bedrock is crisscrossed by a series of faults or joints that are at or near right angles. The streams follow these lines of weakness, resulting in a network of channels with right-angle bends.
6
Oil sands or tar sands are a mixture of mostly sand, clay, water and bitumen where Petroleum can be extracted. Where can we find the largest deposit in the world?
a. USA
b. Venezuela
c. Saudi Arabia
d. Canada
d. Canada.
While Venezuela also has very large deposits, Canada's Athabasca oil sands in Alberta are generally considered the single largest deposit in the world. The sheer size of these deposits makes Canada one of the world's leading countries in terms of total proven oil reserves.
6
In liberation, the less abundant mineral or phase is not freed at all unless the:
a. Particle size is less than the grain size.
b. Particle size is more than the grain size.
c. Particle size is equal to the grain size.
d. Particle size is equal to the liberation size.
a. Particle size is less than the grain size.
Liberation: refers to the process of freeing valuable mineral particles from the surrounding worthless rock (gangue). The goal of comminution (crushing and grinding) is to reduce the size of the ore particles until the valuable mineral grains are separated from the gangue.
Grain Size: This is the size of the individual mineral crystals within the rock. It's an intrinsic property of the ore itself.
Particle Size: This is the size of the ore fragments after crushing or grinding. It's a property that can be controlled by the processing equipment.
6
The main objective of flotation reagent is to permit the production of a sufficiently stable froth to hold the mineral particles that form a network around the bubbles until they are removed from the flotation unit.
a. Collector
b. Frother
c. Dispersant
d. Activator
b. Frother: It lowers the surface tension of the water in the flotation tank, allowing for the creation of a stable froth or foam.
a. Collector: The main objective of a collector is to make the surface of the target mineral particles hydrophobic (water-repelling).
c. Dispersant: Dispersants are used to prevent fine particles, particularly clays and slimes, from clumping together or coating the surface of the valuable minerals.
d. Activator: An activator is a reagent that helps a collector bond with a mineral that would otherwise be difficult to float. It "activates" the surface of the mineral, making it more receptive to the collector.
6
In a flotation plant, pulp of 40% solids by weight is conditioned for 5 minutes before pumped to flotation cells. If the solids are treated at the rate of 500 tons/hr and the specific gravity of solids is 2.7, calculate the volume of conditioning tank required.
a. 70 cubic meters
b. 75 cubic meters
c. 78 cubic meters
d. 80 cubic meters
c. 78 cubic meters
7
This is a specialized form of cone crusher, used for producing very fine material, and such crushers have found application in the quarrying industry for the production of large quantities of sand at economic cost. The main modification to the conventional cone crusher is that the machine has very short liners and a very flat angle for the lower liner. Crushing is by interparticle comminution by the impact and attrition of multi-layered mass of particles.
a. Gyradisc
b. Rhodax crusher
c. Tidco Barmac Crusher
d. Short-head cone crusher
a. Gyradisc
b. Rhodax Crusher: This is a type of impact crusher, not a cone crusher. It uses a high-speed rotor with hammers to crush material by impact and is typically used for producing cubical aggregate.
Tidco Barmac Crusher: This is a brand name for a Vertical Shaft Impact (VSI) crusher. VSI crushers are well-known for their use in producing high-quality, cubical aggregate and sand. While it also uses interparticle comminution, it is not a cone crusher.
Short-head cone crusher: This is a type of conventional cone crusher used for fine to medium crushing. While it has a steeper crushing chamber than a standard cone crusher, it still primarily uses the traditional compression and shear forces for crushing, not the interparticle comminution described as the primary mechanism in the question.
8
At what layer of the atmosphere does the ionosphere located?
a. Stratosphere
b. Mesosphere
c. Exosphere
d. Thermosphere
d. Thermosphere: This is the layer directly above the mesosphere. The thermosphere is characterized by a significant increase in temperature with altitude. Within this layer, a significant portion of the gas is ionized by solar and cosmic radiation. This region of ionized gas is called the ionosphere.
Troposphere: The lowest layer, where all weather occurs.
a. Stratosphere: The layer above the troposphere, which contains the ozone layer.
b. Mesosphere: The layer above the stratosphere, where most meteors burn up.
c. Exosphere: The outermost layer of the atmosphere, where the atmosphere thins out and merges with outer space.
8
These deposits are dominated by a Zn-Pb (with lesser Cu, but commonly Ba and Ag) metal association and are also related ti hydrothermal fluids venting onto the sea floor, but without an obvious or direct link to volcanism. They are formed in local basins on the sea floor as a result of protracted hydrothermal activity accompanying continental rifting.
a. Sedimentary Exhalative Deposits
b. Disseminated Porphyry Copper deposits
c. Skarn deposits
d. Volcanogenic Massive Sulfides
a. Sedimentary Exhalative Deposits
b. Disseminated Porphyry Copper Deposits: These are large, low-grade deposits of copper and other metals that are formed by hydrothermal fluids associated with a porphyritic intrusion (a type of igneous rock). The metals are typically disseminated throughout the host rock, and their formation is directly linked to an igneous process.
c. Skarn Deposits: Skarns are metamorphic rocks that form when hot, chemically reactive fluids from an igneous intrusion react with carbonate rocks (like limestone or dolostone). The metal-rich fluids replace the carbonate minerals, forming deposits that can contain a variety of metals, including copper, iron, zinc, lead, and others. Their formation is a contact metamorphic process.
d. Volcanogenic Massive Sulfide (VMS) Deposits: VMS deposits are also formed by hydrothermal fluids venting onto the seafloor. However, the key difference is that their formation is directly and spatially linked to submarine volcanism. The metals (Cu, Zn, Pb, and others) are exhalated onto the seafloor in volcanic settings, often forming lens-shaped sulfide bodies.
8
The Milky Way is what type of galaxy?
a. Elliptical
b. Lenticular
c. Irregular
d. Spiral
d. Spiral.
The Milky Way is a barred spiral galaxy. It has a central bar-shaped structure composed of stars and a disk of stars, gas, and dust that spirals outward from the bar. Our solar system is located in one of these spiral arms.
9
A geological environment that allows for economically significant amounts of oil and gas to accumulate underground is termed as?
a. Gas trap
b. Reservoir rock
c. Oil trap
d. Seal
c. Oil Trap (or Petroleum Trap): They consist of a porous and permeable reservoir rock and an overlying impermeable seal or caprock.
b. Reservoir Rock: This is the porous and permeable rock layer where oil and gas accumulate. It holds the hydrocarbons, but it's only one component of a trap. Common examples include sandstone and porous limestone.
d. Seal: Also known as a caprock, this is the impermeable rock layer that overlies the reservoir rock. It acts as a barrier, preventing the hydrocarbons from escaping. Examples include shale, salt, and dense igneous or metamorphic rocks.
9
If 250 cubic meters per hour of the slurry is fed to a flotation conditioning tank of a volume of 32 cubic meters, what is the average retention time of particles in the tank?
a. 7.7 minutes
b. 7.8 minutes
c. 7.8 hours
d. 12 minutes
a. 7.7 minutes (7.68 minutes)
9
Which of the following processes is used to reduce aluminum oxide electrolytically to final metallic aluminum?
a. Serpeck Process
b. Bayer Process
c. Hall-Heroult Process
d. Carbonyl Process
c. Hall-Heroult Process
a. Serpeck Process: This is an alternative process for producing alumina from bauxite, involving the formation and hydrolysis of aluminum nitride.
b. Bayer Process: This process is used to refine bauxite ore to pure alumina. It's the step before the Hall-Héroult process.
d. Carbonyl Process: This process, also known as the Mond Process, is a method for purifying nickel.
9
This motion of charge occurs at relatively low speeds, or with smooth liners, the medium tends to roll down to the toe of the mill and essentially abrasive comminution occurs which leads to finer grinding, with increased slimes production and increased liner wear.
a. Centrifuging
b. Cascading
c. Cataracting
d. Centripetal
b. Cascading
9
In cupellation, with bone-ash or cement cupels the muffle temperature should be lowered during the period of driving the lead in order to keep the lead temperature from rising more than the minimum necessary for the reaction to proceed. The muffle temperature may drop to 840 to 850C. without danger of freezing. Freezing of button is caused by which of the following?
a. The solidification of a litharge film over the lead surface and stops further cupellation.
b. The rapid formation of molten litharge at the lead surface, which creates motion by sliding off the high meniscus of the lead to be absorbed in the cupel.
c. When the center of silver beads solidifies, the oxygen is sometimes expelled violently, spewing forth some of the interior silver.
d. Condensation of that small part of the litharge which is volatilized at the surface of the lead.
a. The solidification of a litharge film over the lead surface and stops further cupellation.
During cupellation, lead is oxidized to lead oxide (PbO), also known as litharge. This litharge is then absorbed by the porous cupel. The process requires a specific temperature range to keep the litharge molten and to facilitate its absorption. If the temperature of the muffle furnace drops too low, the litharge film on the surface of the lead button can solidify. This solid litharge film acts as a barrier, preventing oxygen from reaching the lead and stopping the oxidation process. This phenomenon is known as "freezing" or "freezing of the button."
9
What is the most common rock-forming mineral in the Earth's crust?
a. Plagioclase feldspar
b. Alkali feldspar
c. Quartz
d. Pyroxene
a. Plagioclase feldspar
b. Alkali feldspar: Although alkali feldspar is another common type of feldspar, plagioclase is more abundant.
c. Quartz: The second most common mineral in the Earth's crust, but it is not as abundant as feldspar.
d. Pyroxene: While pyroxene is a significant rock-forming mineral, it is not as common as feldspar or quartz.
10
This leaching method involves the addition of activated carbon directly into the leach/cyanide solution where the gold is extracted.
a. CIC
b. CIP
c. CIL
d. CIS
c. CIL: this process involves adding activated carbon directly to the tanks where the ore is being leached with a cyanide solution.
a. CIC (Carbon-in-Column): This process is used for leaching ores that have a high proportion of sand or are relatively coarse. The crushed ore is packed into columns, and a cyanide solution is passed through the column.
b. CIP (Carbon-in-Pulp): In this method, the gold is first leached from the ore using a cyanide solution in one set of tanks. After leaching is complete, the leached slurry (the "pulp") is then passed to a second set of tanks where activated carbon is added to adsorb the dissolved gold.
11
What is the thickness of the lower mantle?
a. 2,259 km
b. 2,854 km
c. 1,854 km
d. 2,171 km
a. 2,259 km
Crust: The thinnest and outermost layer.
Oceanic Crust: 5-10 km (3-6 miles)
Continental Crust: 30-50 km (18-31 miles)
Mantle: The thickest layer, composed of hot, solid rock.
Total Mantle: Approximately 2,900 km (1,800 miles)
Upper Mantle (including the transition zone): 660 km (410 miles)
Lower Mantle: Approximately 2,230 km (1,385 miles)
Core: The innermost layer, consisting of two parts.
Outer Core: A liquid layer of iron and nickel. Approximately 2,260 km (1,400 miles)
Inner Core: A solid sphere of iron and nickel. Approximately 1,220 km (760 miles)
12
This drainage pattern shows tributary streams are nearly parallel to one another and this pattern forms in areas underlain by alternating bands of resistant and less resistant rock.
a. Trellis
b. Dentritic
c. Radial
d. Rectangular
a. Trellis
b. Dentritic: pattern resembles the branching of a tree
c. Radial: characteristic of volcanoes or domes, where streams flow outward
d. Rectangular: defined by streams that have right-angle bends, and it forms on bedrock that is highly fractured by a series of faults or joints that intersect at nearly 90 degrees.
13
Which of the following is not an ore of Lead?
a. Galena
b. Anglesite
c. Cerussite
d. Millerite
d. Millerite (NiS): This is an ore mineral of nickel, not lead. Its chemical formula is nickel sulfide.
14
According to DAO 2016-08, what is the minimum effluent standard of Dissolved Oxygen for Class A waterbodies?
a. 1 mg/L
b. 2 mg/L
c. 5 mg/L
d. 6 mg/L
c. 5 mg/L
14
Which of the following is not a variety of Corundum?
a. Sapphire
b. Ruby
c. Emery
d. Emerald
Emerald: A precious gemstone that is a variety of the mineral beryl colored green by trace amounts of chromium and sometimes vanadium. It is chemically and structurally different from corundum.
15
A group of sediments which were transported into the environment in which they are deposited, and they include the terrigenous and pyroclastic classes.
a. Chemical precipitates
b. Allochthonous deposits
c. Autochthonous sediments
d. Residual deposits
b. Allochthonous deposits
a. Chemical precipitates: These are materials that form from a chemical reaction, typically when a substance dissolved in water precipitates out of the solution. They are not transported as solid particles. Examples include rock salt and gypsum.
c. Autochthonous sediments: The word "autochthonous" means "from this place" (autos = self, chthon = earth). This refers to sediments that form in the same environment where they are deposited. Examples include organic sediments (like peat) and some chemical precipitates.
d. Residual deposits: These are materials that have formed in place through the weathering of underlying rock, with no or very little transport. They are a type of autochthonous deposit. An example is laterite soil.
15
Which of the following is a collector used for the flotation of sulphide minerals?
a. Carboxylic
b. Wood-tar creosotes
c. Xanthates
d. Soaps
c. Xanthates
Carboxylic acids and Soaps: These are typically used as collectors for the flotation of non-sulfide minerals, such as oxidized minerals, phosphates, and fluorite.
Wood-tar creosotes: These are generally used as frothers, not collectors.
16
What is the end product of crucible fusion?
a. Dore
b. Lead Button
c. Concentrate
d. Bullion
b. Lead Button
Crucible fusion: A crushed and weighed sample of ore is mixed with fluxes (e.g., borax, soda ash, silica), a collector (typically lead oxide, PbO, which is reduced to lead), and a reducing agent (e.g., flour or carbon). This mixture is then heated to a high temperature (around 1000°C) in a crucible. The mixture melts into a liquid slag. The lead oxide is reduced to liquid metallic lead, which, due to its high density, sinks to the bottom of the crucible. As it sinks, it collects and absorbs the dispersed precious metals (gold and silver). After cooling, the molten mixture solidifies. The heavy, lead-rich phase forms a solid piece at the bottom of the crucible, which is called the lead button. This button contains all the gold and silver from the original ore sample.
a. Dore: An alloy of gold and silver produced in the fire assay process after cupellation.
16
Bauxite is the chief source of aluminum. Which of the following minerals is not one of the aluminum hydroxide mineral components of Bauxite?
a. Gibbsite
b. Diaspore
c. Colemanite
d. Boehmite
c. Colemanite
Colemanite is a borate mineral. It is a source of boron, not aluminum. Therefore, it is not a component of bauxite.
16
This pyrometallurgical process involves the heating of ore material, usually with a binder to convert fine particles into larger lumps for easy handling.
a. Converting
b. Calcination
c. Sintering
d. Smelting
c. Sintering
a. Converting: This process is used to remove impurities from a matte (a molten sulfide mixture). It involves blowing air or oxygen through the molten matte to oxidize and remove sulfur, iron, and other elements, leaving a higher concentration of the desired metal.
b. Calcination: This is a heating process used to remove a volatile component from a material, such as carbon dioxide from carbonates (e.g., limestone) or water from hydroxides.
d. Smelting: This is a high-temperature process that uses a reducing agent (like carbon) to extract a metal from its ore. The process produces a molten metal and a molten slag.
17
This crystal system is described by 3 vectors of unequal length. They form a rectangular prism with parallelogram as its base. Hence two pairs of vectors are perpendicular, while the third pair makes an angle other than 90 degrees.
a. Hexagonal system
b. Tricilinic system
c. Monoclinic system
d. Orthorhombic system
c. Monoclinic system
a. Hexagonal System: This system is characterized by four axes. Three of these axes are of equal length, lie on a single plane, intersect at 120°, and are perpendicular to the fourth axis, which is of a different length.
b. Triclinic System: This is the least symmetrical of all the crystal systems. It has three vectors of unequal length and none of the angles between them are 90 degrees.
d. Orthorhombic System: This system has three vectors of unequal length, but all three axes are mutually perpendicular to one another.
17
The Mount Mayon in Albay is what type of Volcano?
a. Stratovolcano
b. Shield volcano
c. Composite volcano
d. Cinder cone
a. Stratovolcano (or Composite Volcano): These two terms are often used interchangeably to describe the same type of volcano. They are conical volcanoes built up by many layers (strata) of hardened lava, tephra, pumice, and volcanic ash. They are characterized by their steep profile and periodic, explosive eruptions.
b. Shield Volcano: This type of volcano is characterized by its broad, shield-like shape and gentle slopes. They are built almost entirely of fluid lava flows. A classic example is Mauna Loa in Hawaii.
d. Cinder Cone: This is the simplest type of volcano, built from ejected lava fragments that solidify and pile up around a single vent. They are small, steep-sided cones.
18
What is the fineness of 16K Gold?
a. 750
b. 888.89
c. 761.19
d. 666.67
d. 666.67
19
This is the transition zone between the upper mantle and the lower mantle.
A. Guttenberg discontinuity
b. Repiti discontinuity
b. Lehmann discontinuity
d. Conrad discontinuity
b. Repiti discontinuity
20
What is the ratio of recovery for a treated copper ore with the following assays:
Feed: 0.30% Cu
Concentrates: 22% Cu
Tails: 0.040% Cu
a. 550:1
b. 84.46:1
c. 6.51:1
d. 96:1
b. 84.46:1
21
The novel process of extracting sulfur through melting the underground deposits is called?
a. Mond's Process
b. Frasch Process
c. Linz-Donawitz Process
d. Dow Proces
b. Frasch Process: This is the specific method for extracting elemental sulfur from underground deposits. It involves injecting superheated water (above the melting point of sulfur, which is about 115°C or 239°F) and compressed air into the sulfur deposit through concentric pipes.
a. Mond's Process: This is a method used for the purification of nickel. It involves the reaction of nickel with carbon monoxide to form a volatile gas, nickel tetracarbonyl, which is then decomposed to yield pure nickel.
c. Linz-Donawitz (LD) Process: This is a steel-making process, specifically a method of basic oxygen steelmaking. It involves blowing high-purity oxygen into a bath of molten pig iron to convert it into steel. It has no relation to sulfur extraction.
d. Dow Process: This refers to the method used for extracting magnesium from seawater. It involves a series of chemical reactions to precipitate magnesium hydroxide from seawater, which is then processed to produce magnesium metal.
22
What is/are the trace/s of impurity/ies found in Sapphire that give/s its blue color?
a. Chromium
b. Manganese
c. Iron and Titanium
d. Chromium and Copper
c. Iron and Titanium
Sapphire (blue): The blue color in sapphire is caused by a phenomenon called intervalence charge transfer between trace amounts of iron and titanium. When light passes through the crystal, the presence of both ions allows for the transfer of an electron from an iron ion to a neighboring titanium ion. This process absorbs light in the red and yellow parts of the spectrum, allowing only the blue light to be transmitted, which is what we see.
Other colors of Sapphire:
Pink/Purple: Primarily due to chromium.
Yellow/Green: Primarily due to iron.
Orange (Padparadscha): A combination of iron and chromium.
23
This flotation reagent when added to the pulp decreases the surface tension of water and increases the life of bubbles produced.
a. Collector
b. Activator
c. Frother
d. Depressant
c. Frother
24
This is a process of sizing particles by means of an upward current of fluid, usually water or air.
a. Flowing film concentration
b. Elutriation
c. Jigging
d. Gravity sedimentation
b. Elutriation: a process used to separate particles based on their size, shape, and density by using a fluid (usually water or air) that flows in an upward direction. The fluid carries smaller, lighter particles upward, while larger, heavier particles settle against the fluid flow.
a. Flowing film concentration: a type of gravity separation that relies on the velocity difference in a thin film of flowing water. Particles are separated based on a combination of their density and size.
c. Jigging: a mineral processing technique that separates particles based on their density. It involves a pulsating column of water (or another fluid) that is moved up and down through a bed of particles. This action causes the particle bed to become dilated (expanded) and then consolidated.
d. Gravity sedimentation (or simply sedimentation) is the process by which solid particles settle out of a fluid (liquid or gas) under the influence of gravity. This occurs when the fluid's velocity is low enough to allow the particles to settle, and it is a fundamental principle in many separation processes, such as clarifiers in wastewater treatment.
25
What is the end product of cupellation?
a. Lead button
b. Matte
c. Dore
d. Slag
c. Dore
a. Lead button: A lead button is formed in a preliminary process, often called a fire assay, before cupellation. This is an assay step where a sample of ore is smelted with fluxes and lead to collect the noble metals into a single, dense lead button.
b. Matte: a mixture of sulfides, primarily iron and copper sulfides, formed during the smelting of sulfide ores. It is an intermediate product in the production of copper and nickel.
d. Slag: a glassy, molten by-product that separates from the metal during smelting. It is a mixture of impurities and fluxes and is a waste product of the smelting process.
26
This lava flows exhibit smooth surfaces that often resemble the twisted braids of ropes.
a. Aa lava
b. Block lava
c. Pahoehoe lava
d. Pillow lava
c. Pahoehoe lava.
a. Aa lava: this type of lava flow has a rough, jagged, and blocky surface. It is more viscous than pahoehoe and flows more slowly, causing the surface to break apart into sharp, spiny fragments called clinkers.
b. Block lava: Block lava flows have surfaces covered with large, angular blocks of lava. These blocks are generally larger and have smoother faces than the clinkers of 'a'a lava. Block lava flows are typically more viscous than both pahoehoe and 'a'a and move very slowly, often with a steep flow front.
d. Pillow lava: Pillow lavas form when lava erupts underwater, or flows into a body of water. The rapid cooling of the lava's surface in the water creates a bulbous, sack-like, or pillow-shaped structure. As new lava erupts, it breaks through the skin of the previous pillow, forming a new one, which creates a stack of interconnected, pillow-shaped masses.
27
The following are nickel-bearing minerals. Which of the following is not an important ore of Nickel?
a. Smalite
b. Pentlandite
c. Garnierite
d. Niccolite
a. Smalite: a cobalt arsenide mineral.
b. Pentlandite: a sulfide mineral and is considered the most important and common ore of nickel.
c. Garnierite: a hydrated nickel-magnesium silicate mineral. It is a collective term for a group of green, hydrated nickel-rich silicate minerals that are important ores of nickel, particularly from laterite deposits
d. Niccolite: a nickel arsenide mineral. It is a minor but historically significant ore of nickel.
28
This is defined as the included angle formed between the edge of a cone shaped material and the horizontal when the material is at rest on a moving surface, such as conveyor.
a. Angle of repose
b. Angle of surcharge
c. Angle of slide
d. Angle of fall
b. Angle of surcharge
a. Angle of repose: This is the steepest angle at which a pile of loose, granular material can stand without slumping or sliding.
c. Angle of slide: This is the minimum angle of inclination at which a material will begin to slide or flow down a surface.
d. Angle of fall: This term is typically used in ballistics and physics to describe the vertical angle between the horizontal and the trajectory of a projectile at the point where it hits the ground.
28
This phase contains the molten solution of sulfides formed during the smelting of Copper, Nickel, and Lead.
a. Slag
b. Matte
c. Speiss
d. Dross
b. Matte: the molten, crude mixture of sulfides, primarily of iron, copper, and nickel, that forms as an intermediate product during the smelting of sulfide ores.
a. Slag: Slag is the other major molten phase formed during smelting, but it is a solution of oxides and silicates.
Speiss: a molten alloy of metals with arsenic and antimony. It forms as a separate phase during the smelting of ores that contain these elements, particularly in lead and copper smelting. While it can also collect valuable metals, it is distinct from the sulfide-rich matte.
d. Dross: a mass of solid impurities, typically oxides, that floats on the surface of a molten metal. It is commonly found in the melting of lower-melting-point metals like lead, zinc, and aluminum.
28
Which of the following does not belong to the group?
a. Smaltite
b. Niccolite
c. Arsenopyrite
d. Carnallite
d. Carnallite: A hydrated potassium magnesium chloride mineral. It is an evaporite mineral, meaning it forms from the evaporation of seawater or brines. It is a major source of potassium for fertilizer production.
a. Smaltite: A cobalt arsenide mineral.
b. Niccolite: A nickel arsenide mineral.
c. Arsenopyrite: An iron arsenic sulfide mineral.
28
The eruption of Mt. Pinatubo in 1991 was the second largest of the 20th century. The said eruption was classified as what type?
a. Strombolian
b. Vulcanian
c. Hawaiian
d. Plinian
d. Plinian: Plinian eruptions are the most powerful and explosive type of volcanic eruption. They are characterized by a massive, sustained column of gas and volcanic ash (tephra) that can rise tens of kilometers into the stratosphere. The eruption of Mt. Pinatubo had an ash plume that reached over 40 km (28 miles) high, which is a classic characteristic of a Plinian or even "ultra-Plinian" eruption. This type of eruption is named after Pliny the Younger, who described the eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79 AD.
a. Strombolian: Strombolian eruptions are relatively mild, with intermittent bursts of gas and lava that create incandescent "fire fountains."
b. Vulcanian: Vulcanian eruptions are more explosive than Strombolian eruptions but less so than Plinian. They produce a dense, dark cloud of ash and gas that rises high above the volcano.
c. Hawaiian: Hawaiian eruptions are the least explosive type, characterized by the effusive (non-explosive) outpouring of very fluid, basaltic lava flows. They are known for creating "fire fountains" and lava rivers, but not the immense, destructive ash columns seen in Plinian events.
29
A type of flotation when all the valuable minerals are selected and floated.
a. Direct flotation
b. Reverse flotation
c. Selective flotation
d. Bulk flotation
d. Bulk flotation
a. Direct flotation: This is the most common type of flotation. In this method, the valuable mineral is made to float, while the unwanted gangue minerals are left behind in the pulp (tailings).
b. Reverse flotation: In reverse flotation, the valuable mineral is depressed (made to sink), and the gangue minerals are floated away. This method is used when the gangue minerals are more floatable than the valuable minerals, such as in the case of some iron ores where the silica gangue is floated off.
c. Selective flotation: Also known as differential flotation, this is a method used to separate multiple valuable minerals from each other.
30
This states that in an underformed sequence of sedimentary rocks, each bed is older than the one above it and younger than the one below.
a. Law of Original Horizontality
b. Principle of Cross-Cutting Relationship
c. Correlation
d. Law of Superposition
d. Law of Superposition
a. Law of Original Horizontality: This principle states that sedimentary layers are originally deposited in flat, horizontal layers. If they are now tilted or folded, it is because of later tectonic activity.
b. Principle of Cross-Cutting Relationship: This principle states that a feature that cuts across another feature is younger than the feature it cuts. For example, a fault that cuts through a rock layer must be younger than that layer.
c. Correlation: This is not a law or principle but a process. It is the practice of matching up rock layers from different locations to determine if they are of the same age.
31
What is the distance from the earth's crust to the outer core?
a. 5,830 km
b. 2,921 km
c. 5,180 km
d. 2,653 km
b. 2,921 km
32
Which of the following volcanic eruptions was considered to be the largest known volcanic event in the modern history?
a. Mount Tabora, Indonesia
b. Mount Krakatoa, Indonesia
c. Mount St. Helens, USA
d. Mount Vesuvius, Italy
a. Mount Tabora, Indonesia: The 1815 eruption of Mount Tambora is considered the most powerful volcanic eruption in recorded human history. It had a Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI) of 7, the highest in modern times. The eruption ejected an immense volume of volcanic material into the atmosphere, causing global climate anomalies and leading to what was known as "the Year Without a Summer" in 1816. The eruption was so violent it changed the mountain's shape, and the sound of the explosion was heard over 2,600 km away.
b. Mount Krakatoa (1883): The 1883 eruption of Krakatoa was a significant event with a VEI of 6. While it was incredibly powerful and produced the loudest sound ever heard in modern history, it was not as large in terms of ejected material as the Tambora eruption.
c. Mount St. Helens (1980): The 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens in the United States was the most destructive in U.S. history but was much smaller in scale than the Indonesian eruptions. It had a VEI of 5.
d. Mount Vesuvius (79 AD): The eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79 AD, which buried the Roman cities of Pompeii and Herculaneum, was a deadly and well-documented event. However, it had a VEI of 5 and was a smaller-scale event compared to Tambora.
33
In dewatering, this is the process of removal of some liquid from compression zone due to weight of clear liquid known as?
a. Agglomeration
b. Elution
c. Exudation
d. Clarification
c. Exudation: This term is used to describe the process where fluid is "squeezed out" or "exuded" from a compacted solid or gel due to the pressure exerted by the weight of the material itself or a superimposed liquid column.
a. Agglomeration: In mineral processing, it is used to improve the efficiency of subsequent processes like leaching or pelletizing.
b. Elution: It involves washing out an adsorbed or precipitated substance from a solid phase using a solvent. For example, in gold processing, gold is eluted from activated carbon.
Clarification: This is the process of removing suspended solid particles from a liquid to make it clear. While it is a type of liquid-solid separation, it typically involves settling or filtration.
34
Which of the following international treaties banned the production and use of hydrofluorocarbons in 2016?
a. Doha Amendment
b. Kigali Amendment
c. Kyoto Protocol
d. Montreal Protocol
b. Kigali Amendment: This is an amendment to the Montreal Protocol that was adopted in 2016. Its specific purpose is to phase down the production and consumption of hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs). While HFCs were initially used to replace ozone-depleting substances like CFCs, they were found to be powerful greenhouse gases.
a. Doha Amendment: This amendment is related to the Kyoto Protocol, which is a different international treaty focused on climate change. The Doha Amendment was adopted in 2012 and extended the Kyoto Protocol's second commitment period.
c. Kyoto Protocol: This international treaty was adopted in 1997 and committed industrialized countries to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions.
d. Montreal Protocol: The original Montreal Protocol, signed in 1987, was created to protect the ozone layer by phasing out the production of ozone-depleting substances like chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs).
35
Which of the following is the principal ore of Tin?
a. Cassiterite
b. Tincalconite
c. Sylvite
d. Stibnite
a. Cassiterite: This is the most important and primary ore of tin. Almost all of the world's tin is extracted from cassiterite deposits. It is a dense, hard, and chemically resistant mineral, which makes it suitable for placer (alluvial) deposits.
b. Tincalconite: This is a borate mineral, an important ore of boron, but not tin. It is a hydrated sodium borate mineral that forms in evaporite deposits.
c. Sylvite: This is an important ore of potassium and a source for potash fertilizers. It is a potassium chloride mineral that forms in evaporite deposits.
d. Stibnite: This is the most important ore of antimony. It is an antimony sulfide mineral. While it can sometimes be found in association with tin ores.
36
In cupellation, if temperature and draft conditions are correct during the driving of Lead, a fringe of litharge crystals will appear around the upper edge of a bone-ash cupel. These crystals are also known as?
a. Flakes
b. Feathers
c. Blicks
d. Sprouts
b. Feathers
c. Blicks: A "blick" is the final, brilliant flash of light that indicates the very last traces of lead have been oxidized and absorbed, leaving behind the shiny, pure bead of precious metal (gold and/or silver).
d. Sprouts: A "sprout" is a phenomenon that can occur when a precious metal bead (especially silver) cools after cupellation. As the silver solidifies, the dissolved oxygen is released, causing the molten bead to "sprout" or "vegetate" into a delicate, tree-like structure.
37
This is the transition zone between the upper crust and the lower crust.
a. Conrad discontinuity
b. Mohorovicic discontinuity
c. Lehmann discontinuity
d. Repiti discontinuity
a. Conrad discontinuity
38
What is the largest known volcano in the solar system?
a. Ojos del Salado
b. Tamu Massif
c. Olympus mons
d. Mauna Kea
c. Olympus Mons: This massive shield volcano is located on the planet Mars. It is the largest volcano and one of the largest mountains known in the solar system. It stands about 25 km (16 miles) high, which is nearly three times the height of Mount Everest, and its base covers an area roughly the size of Arizona or Poland. Its immense size is attributed to the fact that Mars lacks the mobile tectonic plates that limit the size of volcanoes on Earth.
PH: The largest volcano in the Philippines, based on a measure of size and volume, is the Apolaki Caldera, an ancient, extinct supervolcano with a caldera diameter of about 150 kilometers, located beneath the Philippine Sea. However, for a terrestrial and highest active volcano, Mount Apo is the highest and largest volcano on land, a stratovolcano in Mindanao, though it has been inactive historically.
World: Largest by Volume and Mass: Mauna Loa is by far the largest active volcano on Earth in terms of both volume and mass.
39
A cyclone is fed at the rate of 30 tons/hr of dry solids. The cyclone feed contains 30% solids, the underflow 50 solids, and the overflow 15% solids by weight. Calculate the tonnage of solids per hour in the underflow.
a. 14.29 tons/hr
b. 28.57 tons/hr
c. 100 tons/hr
d. 60 tons/hr
21.43 tons/hr
nearest:
a. 14.29 tons/hr
b. 28.57 tons/hr
39
A massive sulphide deposit associated with basic volcanics in ophiolites formed at oceanic or back-arc spreading ridges and are essentially cupriferous pyrite bodies.
a. Kuroko type
b. Oko type
c. Cyprus type
d. Besshi
c. Cyprus type: This type of VMS deposit is specifically associated with ophiolites, which are fragments of ancient oceanic crust and upper mantle. They are formed at mid-ocean ridges or back-arc spreading centers. The ore bodies are typically rich in copper and iron sulfides, with pyrite and chalcopyrite being the dominant minerals. They are known for their massive, lens-shaped sulfide bodies.
a. Kuroko type: This type of VMS deposit is associated with felsic to intermediate volcanics in back-arc basins. They are characterized by a distinct vertical zonation of minerals, starting with a massive barite layer at the top, followed by sphalerite, chalcopyrite, and galena. They are often polymetallic, containing significant amounts of zinc, lead, and gold in addition to copper.
d. Besshi type: This type of VMS deposit is hosted in clastic sediments (turbidites) and interbedded mafic volcanic rocks. They are known for their sheet-like to stratiform shape, often with minor copper and zinc. They form in areas of continental rifting or back-arc basins.
40
According to DAO 2016-08, what is the general effluent standard of Lead for Class B waterbodies?
a. 0.01 mg/L
b. 0.05 mg/L
c. 0.1 mg/L
d. 1 mg/L
a. 0.01 mg/L
41
This layer of the atmosphere is called the upper atmosphere which lies from 85km to 600km. While still extremely thin, the gases of this layer become increasingly denser as one descends toward the Earth. As such, incoming high energy ultraviolet and x-ray radiation from the sun begins to be absorbed by the molecules in this layer and causes a large temperature increase. Because of this absorption, the temperature increases with height.
a. Mesosphere
b. Exosphere
c. Magnetosphere
d. Thermosphere
d. Thermosphere
42
This process involves electrochemically dissolving copper from impure copper anodes into an electrolyte containing CuSO4 and H2SO4 and then electrochemically depositing pure copper from the electrolyte onto stainless steel or copper cathodes.
a. Electrowinning
b. Electrorefining
c. Electrostatic separation
d. Electrodynamic separation
b. Electrorefining
Electrorefining is an electrochemical process used to purify a metal. As described in the question, an impure metal (in this case, copper) is used as the anode, and pure metal is deposited onto the cathode. The process relies on the fact that the desired metal (copper) dissolves from the anode and is then deposited on the cathode, while impurities either remain in the electrolyte or settle to the bottom as sludge. This is distinct from electrowinning, which is used to extract a metal directly from an ore or a solution, using an insoluble anode.
43
What is the average density of the Earth?
a. 5.5 grams per cubic centimeter
b. 3.6 grams per cubic centimeter
c. 10.3 grams per cubic centimeter
d. 3.0 grams per cubic centimeter
a. 5.5 grams per cubic centimeter
44
What is the speed of the ball mill if the diameter of the mill is 5 meters, the average charge diameter is 127mm, and running at 80% of the critical speed.
a. 12 rpm
b. 14 rpm
c. 15 rpm
d. 16 rpm
c. 15 rpm
MockBs
flashcards
Decks in class (29)
# Cards
-
Day One 1100
-
Day Two 1100
-
Day Three 1100
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EM1-1100
-
EM2-1100
-
EM3-1100
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Day One 2100
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Day Two 2100
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Day Three 2100
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Orph 1100
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Orph 2100
-
Orph 3100
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Excess 140
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Core 1100
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Core 2100
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Core 3100
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Core 11100
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Core 22100
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Core 33100
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Core 111100
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Core 222100
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Core 33395
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2025 Mock 1100
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2025 Mock 2100
-
2025 Mock 333100
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D1100
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D2100
-
D3100
-
Mining Methods0
