A measure used in underground mining and tunneling to evaluate the relationship between the rock mass quality and the support system installed. It compares the strength of installed supports (like rock bolts, shotcrete, steel sets) against the demands imposed by the surrounding rock mass.
a. Factor of Safety
b. Excavation Support Ratio
c. Internal friction
d. Cohesion
b. Excavation Support Ratio
A component of shear strength of soils and rocks, arising from interlocking of particles and surface roughness. It is expressed as the angle of internal friction (ϕ) in the Mohr-Coulomb failure criterion.
a. Factor of Safety
b. Excavation Support Ratio
c. Internal friction
d. Cohesion
c. Internal friction
The part of shear strength in soils and rocks that exists independent of normal stress. It comes from chemical bonding, cementation, or electrostatic attraction between particles.
a. Factor of Safety
b. Excavation Support Ratio
c. Internal friction
d. Cohesion
d. Cohesion
A mass mining method applicable to large, low-grade, deep-seated ore bodies (often porphyry copper). The ore is fragmented by natural caving induced from undercutting. Best for weak to moderately strong ore and requires large-scale, long-term operations.
a. block caving
b. room and pillar method
c. shrinkage stoping
d. sublevel stoping
a. block caving
Involves assessing risks descriptively (e.g., low, medium, high) without numerical values.
a. Hazard Identification, Risk Assessment and Control (HIRAC)
b. Qualitative Risk Management
c. Quantitative Risk Assessment
d. Consultation and Participation
b. Qualitative Risk Management
Applied to steeply dipping, strong ore bodies of fairly regular shape. Broken ore is left in the stope to provide support until most of the ore is blasted and removed. Suitable for narrow to moderate-width veins, not flat-lying deposits.
a. block caving
b. room and pillar method
c. shrinkage stoping
d. sublevel stoping
c. shrinkage stoping
Used in large, steeply dipping ore bodies with competent rock. Involves drilling and blasting from sublevels to create large stopes. Works best when both ore and wall rock are strong and stable.
a. block caving
b. room and pillar method
c. shrinkage stoping
d. sublevel stoping
d. sublevel stoping
In mining and mineral exploration, salting refers to the fraudulent practice of adding valuable minerals (e.g., gold or diamonds) to a sample to mislead investors or exaggerate ore grade.
a. blending
b. salting
c. leaching
d. sampling
b. salting
A hydrometallurgical process of extracting valuable minerals from ore by dissolving them in a liquid solvent (e.g., cyanide leaching for gold, sulfuric acid leaching for copper).
a. blending
b. salting
c. leaching
d. sampling
c. leaching
Refers to the engagement of stakeholders in planning and decision-making.
a. Hazard Identification, Risk Assessment and Control (HIRAC)
b. Qualitative Risk Management
c. Quantitative Risk Assessment
d. Consultation and Participation
d. Consultation and Participation
Uses numerical data and probability models to evaluate risks (e.g., fault-tree analysis, event-tree analysis).
a. Hazard Identification, Risk Assessment and Control (HIRAC)
b. Qualitative Risk Management
c. Quantitative Risk Assessment
d. Consultation and Participation
c. Quantitative Risk Assessment
A condition where a charge does not explode immediately after ignition but explodes after a delay. Extremely dangerous because it may go off unexpectedly while miners are already approaching the blasted area.
a. hangfire
b. bootleg
c. overblast
d. misfire
a. hangfire
Refers to excessive blasting beyond the intended limits. Causes unnecessary rock breakage, damage to surrounding rock, and safety hazards.
a. hangfire
b. bootleg
c. overblast
d. misfire
c. overblast
A situation where the explosive charge fails to detonate after initiation. Can be due to defective explosives, faulty detonators, or cut-off wires. Must be handled with extreme caution.
a. hangfire
b. bootleg
c. overblast
d. misfire
d. misfire
A block of ore left between two levels or stopes to provide support and prevent collapse of excavations above. Acts as a horizontal support structure.
a. sill pillar
b. crown pillar
c. island pillar
d. rib pillar
a. sill pillar
A pillar left isolated within a mined-out area to support the roof. Surrounded on all sides by mined stopes or rooms.
a. sill pillar
b. crown pillar
c. island pillar
d. rib pillar
c. island pillar
Vertical pillars left between adjacent stopes or rooms to provide lateral support. Prevents stope collapse and helps control ground pressure.
a. sill pillar
b. crown pillar
c. island pillar
d. rib pillar
d. rib pillar
Mineral deposits formed from hydrothermal fluids filling fractures or fissures in rocks. Examples: gold, silver, quartz veins.
a. vein type deposits
b. sedimentary rocks
c. igneous rocks
d. volcanic in origin
e. deposit by man and machines
a. vein type deposits
ormed from the cooling and solidification of magma or lava (e.g., granite, basalt).
a. vein type deposits
b. sedimentary rocks
c. igneous rocks
d. volcanic in origin
e. deposit by man and machines
c. igneous rocks
Rocks formed directly from volcanic processes, typically extrusive igneous rocks like basalt, rhyolite, pumice.
a. vein type deposits
b. sedimentary rocks
c. igneous rocks
d. volcanic in origin
e. deposit by man and machines
d. volcanic in origin
Based on variations in the Earth’s gravitational field caused by differences in rock density. Useful for mapping basement structures, salt domes, or large dense ore bodies.
a. gravity
b. resistivity
c. magnetic
d. telluric
a. gravity
Measures variations in the Earth’s magnetic field due to magnetized rocks. Useful for locating igneous intrusions, iron ore bodies, dikes, and faults, but not effective for mapping clays or gravels.
a. gravity
b. resistivity
c. magnetic
d. telluric
c. magnetic
A method that measures natural variations in the Earth’s electric and magnetic fields (telluric currents). Can be used in deep geophysical surveys (like magnetotellurics) but not specifically suited for shallow deposits of wet shears, clays, or gravels.
a. gravity
b. resistivity
c. magnetic
d. telluric
d. telluric
Refers to the total amount of explosives used in a blasting operation. Expressed as a bulk figure (e.g., kilograms or tons of explosives used).
a. powder consumption
b. powder fraction
c. powder factor
d. powder ratio
a. powder consumption
-
Day One 1100
-
Day Two 1100
-
Day Three 1100
-
EM1-1100
-
EM2-1100
-
EM3-1100
-
Day One 2100
-
Day Two 2100
-
Day Three 2100
-
Orph 1100
-
Orph 2100
-
Orph 3100
-
Excess 140
-
Core 1100
-
Core 2100
-
Core 3100
-
Core 11100
-
Core 22100
-
Core 33100
-
Core 111100
-
Core 222100
-
Core 33395
-
2025 Mock 1100
-
2025 Mock 2100
-
2025 Mock 333100
-
D1100
-
D2100
-
D3100
-
Mining Methods0
