CORONAVIRUS

Question 1

CORONAVIRIDAE

Family consists of
1. Genus _________- spike protein - corona
2. Genus _________ - enteric infection

Answer 1

1. Genus coronaviridae
2. Genus Toroviridae

Question 2

CORONAVIRUS REPLICATION
1. Receptor for human coronavirus 229E is _________–
2. Functional receptor for SARS-COV is ___________
3. Receptor for MERS-COV is ____________- aka CD26

Answer 2

1. receptor for human coronavirus 229E is aminopeptidase N
2. SARS-COV IS ACE-2
3. Receptor for MERS COV is dipeptyl peptidase4 aka CD26

Question 3

REPLICATION CYCLE
Virus absorbs to cells via its spikes (___________) enters cytoplasm and uncoatinmg

Answer 3

Hemagluttinin

Question 4

SARS PATHOGENESIS
1. Infection is mediated by _________- receptor
2. High expression in the __________ cells
3. Low expression in the ______________

Answer 4

1. Human angiotensin converting enzyme 2
2. High expression in lung alveolar epithelial cells
3. Low expression in the blood vessels

Question 5

SEVERE ACUTE RESPIRATORY VIRUS
1. SARS COV infects both the ____ and ____ airway and _________ cells and creates lung injury
2. Virus and viral products are detected in the kidney, liver, small intestine and stool
3. Lung is severely affected and the level of infectious virus diminished as the clinical disease worsens

Answer 5

1. SARS COV infects both the upper and lower airway and the alveolar cells

Question 6

MERS COV TROPISM
In humans the virus has strong tropism for __________ and it has been shown to effectively evade the innate immune responses and antagonize _____________ production in these cells

Answer 6

In humans the virus has strong tropism for NONCILIATED BRONCHIAL EPITHELIAL CELLS and it has been shown to effectively evade the innate immune responses and antagonize INTERFERON production in these cells

Question 7

TROPISM OF MERS COV
However it was late discovered that MERS-COV receptor is _____, a dipeptyl peptidase which is involved in the degranulation of cytokine responses

Answer 7

CD26

Question 8

LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS
1._________ is currently the only test being used to confirm cases of COVID-19 infection
2. ______ is the 1st choice

Answer 8

1. Polymerase chain reaction
2. Nasopharyngeal swab

Question 9

INVESTIGATIONAL THERAPEUTICS
1. _________- producing premature termination of viral chain

2. ___________ - antimalarial drugs are reported to block viral entry by inhibiting virus/cell fusion

Answer 9

1. Remdesivir
2. Chloroquine and Hydroxychloroquine

Question 10

INVESTIGATIONAL THERAPEUTICS
1.__________- a combined protease inhibitor usually used for HIV infection
2. __________-is an anti-IL6 receptor agent used for rheumatoid arthritis being investigated in patients with COVID-19 presenting with high IL-6 levels
3._________- a TMPRSS2 inhibitor is reported to block viral entry by inhibiting S protein priming

Answer 10

1. lopinavir-ritonavir
2. tocilizumab
3. Camostate mesilate