FOM 2 > Cranial circulation > Flashcards

Cranial circulation Flashcards

(66 cards)

Study These Flashcards
1
Q

Primary arterial supplies to the brain (and percentages)

A

Internal carotid aa. (~85%) and Vertebral aa. (~15%)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Path of Internal Carotid Artery (ICA) before cranial cavity

A

Ascends from Common carotid in the neck to the Carotid canal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

First section of ICA (in the neck)

A

Cervical (ascends to carotid canal)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Second section of ICA (in the carotid canal)

A

Petrous (turns horizontally & medially)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Third section of ICA (in carotid groove)

A

Cavernous (runs through cavernous sinus)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Fourth section of ICA (joining Circle of Willis)

A

Cerebral (turns 180 deg inferior to anterior clinoid process)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What travels into the cranial cavity with the ICA?

A

Sympathetic innervation (from upper thoracic regions / cervical ganglia)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Origin of Vertebral Artery

A

Branches from the Subclavian a.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Path of Vertebral Artery to cranium

A

Through transverse foramina, then through foramen magnum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Anastomotic circle joining ICA and Vertebral aa.

A

Circle of Willis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Arteries connecting the the 2 halves of the Circle of Willis

A

Posterior communicating aa. & Anterior communicating a.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Artery supplying midline & superior cerebrum, hypothalamus

A

Anterior cerebral aa. (ACA)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Artery supplying lateral cerebrum & temporal pole

A

Middle cerebral aa. (MCA)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Artery supplying inferior cerebrum, thalamus, occipital pole

A

Posterior cerebral aa. (PCA)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Origin of Posterior Inferior Cerebellar a. (PICA)

A

Vertebral a.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What does PICA supply?

A

Inferior cerebellum, medulla oblongata, choroid plexus of 4th ventricle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What does AICA supply?

A

Anteroinferior cerebellum & inferolateral pons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What does the Labyrinthine a. supply (and where does it go)?

A

Internal ear (enters Internal Auditory Meatus - IAM)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What do Pontine aa. supply?

A

Pons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What does the Superior cerebellar a. supply?

A

Superior & dorsal cerebellum, & midbrain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Origin of Anterior spinal aa.

A

Vertebral aa.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What do Anterior spinal aa. supply?

A

Medulla oblongata anteriorly & anterior spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Origin of Posterior spinal aa.

A

Vertebral aa. (25%) or PICA (75%)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What do Posterior spinal aa. supply?

A

Posterior spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Origin of Anterior meningeal aa.
Branches of ethmoidal aa. (from ICA)
26
Origin of Middle meningeal a.
Branch of maxillary a.
27
Foramen for Middle meningeal a.
Foramen spinosum
28
Origin of Posterior meningeal a.
Branch of vertebral a.
29
Foramen for Posterior meningeal a.
Foramen magnum
30
Innervation: anterior cranial fossa, Falx cerebri, tentorium cerebelli
CN V1 (Ophthalmic n.)
31
Innervation: medial anterior & middle cranial fossae
CN V2 (Maxillary n.)
32
Innervation: lateral anterior & middle cranial fossae
CN V3 (Mandibular n.)
33
Innervation: posterior cranial fossa
C1-C3 spinal levels
34
Components of Brain Venous Drainage
Superficial cerebral vv., Deep cerebral vv., Cerebellar vv., Dural venous sinuses
35
What are Dural Venous Sinuses?
Blood-filled spaces between periosteal and meningeal layers of dura mater
36
Ultimate drainage point for all Dural Venous Sinuses
Internal Jugular Vein (IJV)
37
Clinical importance of Cavernous Sinus
Infections can pass from the face; inflammation can injure structures within including ICA and CN's III-VI
38
How is the spinal cord drained of venous blood?
Network of anterior & posterior spinal veins (drain segmentally)
39
What are Emissary Veins?
Valveless veins connecting extracranial and intracranial venous spaces
40
Function/Risk of Emissary Veins
Provide alternate drainage; possible pathway of infection
41
What are Bridging Veins?
Drain cerebral vv. (in subarachnoid space) into the dural venous sinuses
42
What are Lateral Venous Lacunae?
Spaces filled with arachnoid granulations, usually near the superior sagittal sinus
43
Location of Epidural (Extradural) Hematoma
Between bone & periosteal dura mater (Arterial blood, limited by sutures)
44
Location of Subdural Hematoma
Between meningeal dura & arachnoid mater (Venous blood, limited by dural layers)
45
Location of Subarachnoid Hematoma
Within subarachnoid space (Arterial blood, not confined, pools in sulci)
46
Three primary functions of CSF
Buoyancy, Protection, Chemical stability (rinses metabolic wastes)
47
Where does CSF flow?
Subarachnoid space (between arachnoid and pia mater)
48
What structure produces CSF?
Choroid Plexus (spongy mass of blood capillaries on ventricle floor/wall)
49
What cells in the choroid plexus produce CSF?
Ependymal cells (neuroglia that line ventricles)
50
How is CSF produced?
Ependymal cells filter blood plasma and modify the filtrate
51
CSF vs. Plasma composition
CSF has more sodium chloride; less potassium, calcium, glucose, proteins
52
The four ventricles of the brain
Two Lateral ventricles, Third ventricle, Fourth ventricle
53
What does the Fourth ventricle narrow into?
Central canal (extends through medulla oblongata into spinal cord)
54
CSF Flow Pathway (simplified)
Lateral Ventricles -> Interventricular Foramen -> 3rd Ventricle -> Cerebral Aqueduct -> 4th Ventricle -> Subarachnoid Space
55
What are Subarachnoid Cisterns?
Areas where CSF pools due to a larger space between arachnoid and pia mater
56
Largest subarachnoid cistern
Cerebellomedullary cistern (between cerebellum & medulla)
57
Cistern ventral to the pons
Pontocerebellar (pontine) cistern
58
Cistern between midbrain peduncles
Interpeduncular (basal) cistern
59
Cistern anteroinferior to optic chiasm
Chiasmatic cistern
60
Cistern of the great cerebral vein (of Galen)
Quadrigeminal cistern
61
Cistern extending from ~L2 to S2
Lumbar cistern
62
Clinical use of Lumbar cistern
Common site of CSF withdrawal (lumbar puncture) or medication injection
63
What is the Glymphatic System?
A glial-dependent peri-vascular network that serves a lymphatic function in the brain
64
Function of the Glymphatic System
Removal of interstitial fluid metabolic waste products
65
Glymphatic Pathway (Flow)
CSF enters via peri-arterial spaces -> passes into brain tissue -> drives ISF/waste to peri-venous spaces
66
Exit routes for Glymphatic system
Arachnoid granulations, meningeal lymphatic vessels, along nerve roots
FOM 2
flashcards
Decks in class (67)
# Cards
Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2026 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions