Skull

Question 1

What is the skull comprised of?

Answer 1

Cranium + Mandible

Question 2

What are the two main divisions of the skull?

Answer 2

Neurocranium (braincase) and Splanchnocranium (facial skeleton/viscerocranium)

Question 3

What is another name for the facial skeleton?

Answer 3

Splanchnocranium or Viscerocranium

Question 4

What is another name for the braincase?

Answer 4

Neurocranium

Question 5

Name the single bones of the Neurocranium.

Answer 5

Frontal, Sphenoid, Ethmoid, Occipital

Question 6

Name the paired bones of the Neurocranium.

Answer 6

Parietal (2) and Temporal (2)

Question 7

Name the single bone of the Splanchnocranium (not counting the auditory ossicles).

Answer 7

Vomer

Question 8

Name the paired bones of the Splanchnocranium (not counting the auditory ossicles).

Answer 8

Lacrimal (2), Nasal (2), Maxilla (2), Zygomatic (2), Inferior nasal conchae (2), and Palatine (2)

Question 9

What are the three Auditory ossicles?

Answer 9

Malleus, Incus, and Stapes (two of each)

Question 10

Name three features of the Frontal bone.

Answer 10

Supraorbital notch/foramen, Frontal sinus, and Orbital plate

Question 11

What is the function of the paranasal sinuses?

Answer 11

Lighten the skull, humidify air, and act as resonating chambers

Question 12

Name the four paranasal sinuses.

Answer 12

Frontal, Sphenoid, Ethmoid, and Maxillary

Question 13

Name three features of the Ethmoid bone.

Answer 13

Crista galli, Cribriform plate, and Superior and middle nasal conchae

Question 14

Name foramina/fissures of the Sphenoid bone.

Answer 14

Superior orbital fissure, Optic canal, Foramen rotundum, Foramen ovale, Foramen spinosum

Question 15

Which feature of the Sphenoid bone holds the pituitary gland?

Answer 15

The Hypophyseal fossa (within the Sella turcica)

Question 16

Name the external features of the Temporal bone.

Answer 16

External acoustic meatus, Styloid process, Mastoid process, Zygomatic process

Question 17

Name the features on the inferior view of the Temporal bone.

Answer 17

Carotid canal, Mandibular/glenoid fossa, Petrotympanic fissure, Stylomastoid foramen, Tympanic canaliculus

Question 18

Name the features on the superior view of the Temporal bone.

Answer 18

Internal acoustic meatus, Hiatuses for greater and lesser petrosal

Question 19

Name the features of the Occipital bone.

Answer 19

Foramen magnum, Hypoglossal canal, Occipital condyles, Pharyngeal tubercle, Grooves for transverse and sigmoid sinuses

Question 20

Which bone contains the Infraorbital foramen and Maxillary sinus?

Answer 20

The Maxilla (2)

Question 21

What structure forms the Zygomatic arch?

Answer 21

Zygomatic process of the temporal bone and temporal process of the zygomatic bone

Question 22

Name two foramina associated with the Palatine (2) bone.

Answer 22

Greater and lesser palatine foramina

Question 23

Name the features of the Mandible.

Answer 23

Coronoid process, Mandibular condyle, Mandibular ramus, Mandibular foramen, Mental foramen

Question 24

What bones form the Orbit?

Answer 24

Frontal, Sphenoid, Ethmoid, Lacrimal, Zygomatic, Maxilla, and Palatine

Question 25

What are the main foramina connecting to the Orbit?

Answer 25

Optic canal, Superior orbital fissure, and Inferior orbital fissure

Question 26

What bones form the Nasal Septum?

Answer 26

Perpendicular plate (ethmoid) and Vomer

Question 27

What foramen connects the Nasal Cavity to the Oral Cavity?

Answer 27

Incisive foramen

Question 28

What foramen connects the Nasal Cavity to the Pterygopalatine fossa?

Answer 28

Sphenopalatine foramen

Question 29

What bones form the Hard palate of the Oral Cavity?

Answer 29

Maxilla and Palatine

Question 30

Which fossa is considered the "central station of the skull"?

Answer 30

The Pterygopalatine fossa

Question 31

What three bones form the Pterygopalatine fossa?

Answer 31

Sphenoid, Maxilla, and Palatine

Question 32

Name the spaces/fossae the Pterygopalatine fossa connects to via foramina.

Answer 32

Cranial cavity (Foramen rotundum, Pterygoid canal), Orbit (Inferior orbital fissure), Nasal cavity (Sphenopalatine foramen), Oral cavity (Greater and lesser palatine foramina), Infratemporal fossa (Pterygomaxillary fissure)

Question 33

What fossa holds the temporal lobes and the pituitary gland?

Answer 33

The Middle cranial fossa

Question 34

What two major foramina in the Middle cranial fossa exit to the Infratemporal fossa?

Answer 34

Foramen ovale and Foramen spinosum

Question 35

What foramen in the Middle cranial fossa exits to the Pterygopalatine fossa?

Answer 35

Foramen rotundum

Question 36

What two foramina in the Middle cranial fossa exit to the Orbit?

Answer 36

Optic canal (CN II) and Superior orbital fissure (CN III, IV, V1, VI)

Question 37

What fossa holds the brainstem and cerebellum?

Answer 37

The Posterior cranial fossa

Question 38

What three major foramina are in the Posterior cranial fossa?

Answer 38

Internal acoustic meatus (to ear), Jugular foramen (to neck), and Foramen magnum (to neck)

Question 39

What structures pass through the Foramen magnum?

Answer 39

Spinal accessory nerve, Vertebral arteries, and Spinal cord

Question 40

What are cranial sutures?

Answer 40

Fibrous joints that connect skull bones

Question 41

What is the function of cranial sutures?

Answer 41

Allow movement during birth and development

Question 42

What are Wormian bones?

Answer 42

Extra-sutural bones from an additional center of ossification near sutures

Question 43

Where is the Bregma located?

Answer 43

Where the coronal and sagittal sutures meet

Question 44

Where is the Pterion located?

Answer 44

Where the frontal, parietal, temporal, and sphenoid bones meet

Question 45

Where is the Lambda located?

Answer 45

Where the lambdoid and sagittal sutures meet

Question 46

What are fetal fontanelles?

Answer 46

Gaps between unfused skull bones at birth, filled with membranous connective tissue

Question 47

What is the function of fetal fontanelles?

Answer 47

Allow deformation of the skull during birth and rapid growth of the brain

Question 48

What does a sunken fontanelle indicate?

Answer 48

Dehydration

Question 49

What does a bulging fontanelle indicate?

Answer 49

An increase in intracranial pressure