Speech & Language

Question 1

What is defined as the human ability to acquire and use complex systems of communication?

Answer 1

Language

Question 2

What term refers to the articulatory and phonetic aspects of verbal expression?

Answer 2

Speech

Question 3

What is an acquired inability to comprehend and/or produce language?

Answer 3

Aphasia

Question 4

Which gender is more likely to acquire aphasia?

Answer 4

Neither (No gender difference)

Question 5

What is the most common cause of aphasia?

Answer 5

Stroke (approx. 80,000/year)

Question 6

At what age do infants typically produce “throaty sounds”?

Answer 6

1 month

Question 7

At what age do infants typically begin babbling and using initial vowels?

Answer 7

3 months

Question 8

At what age do infants approximate names (e.g., baba/bottle) and say “dada/mama” nonspecifically?

Answer 8

10 months

Question 9

At what age does “jargon” (own language) begin and the first word (other than mama/dada) appear?

Answer 9

12 months

Question 10

At what age do understandable 2-word phrases typically appear?

Answer 10

18–24 months

Question 11

How many words does a child typically have at 2 years old?

Answer 11

~270 words

Question 12

Which hemisphere is known as the “Categorical Hemisphere”?

Answer 12

The Left Hemisphere

Question 13

Which hemisphere is known as the “Representational Hemisphere”?

Answer 13

The Right Hemisphere

Question 14

Which hemisphere specializes in sequential and analytical reasoning (math/science)?

Answer 14

The Left (Categorical) Hemisphere

Question 15

Which hemisphere specializes in visuospatial relations and patterns?

Answer 15

The Right (Representational) Hemisphere

Question 16

Which hemisphere perceives the “color” (prosody) of speech?

Answer 16

The Right (Representational) Hemisphere

Question 17

Lesions in the Categorical (Left) hemisphere result in: ____.

Answer 17

Aphasia

Question 18

Lesions in the Representational (Right) hemisphere result in: ____.

Answer 18

Agnosia (e.g., neglect, prosopagnosia)

Question 19

What test uses intracarotid sodium amobarbital to test hemisphere function?

Answer 19

The Wada Procedure (Sodium Amytal Test)

Question 20

In Right-Handed individuals, which hemisphere is dominant for speech (96% of cases)?

Answer 20

Left Hemisphere

Question 21

In Left-Handed individuals, which hemisphere is usually dominant for speech (70% of cases)?

Answer 21

Left Hemisphere

Question 22

What surgical procedure cuts the corpus callosum to reduce seizure spreading?

Answer 22

Commissurotomy (Split-brain surgery)

Question 23

In a split-brain patient, an object in the LEFT visual field goes to the ____ hemisphere.

Answer 23

Right

Question 24

In a split-brain patient, if an object is in the LEFT visual field, can they name it?

Answer 24

No (Speech is in the Left hemisphere)

Question 25

In a split-brain patient, if an object is in the RIGHT visual field, can they name it?

Answer 25

Yes

Question 26

What is "Neglect Syndrome" (Unilateral Inattention)?

Answer 26

Failure to respond to stimuli on the side opposite the brain lesion

Question 27

Neglect syndrome usually occurs with lesions to which lobe?

Answer 27

Inferior Parietal Lobule

Question 28

Neglect syndrome usually occurs in which hemisphere?

Answer 28

The Representational (Right) Hemisphere

Question 29

Which area analyzes sound information?

Answer 29

Wernicke’s Area

Question 30

Which pathway transmits information from Wernicke’s to Broca’s area?

Answer 30

Arcuate Fasciculus

Question 31

Which area creates the plan for speech movements?

Answer 31

Broca’s Area

Question 32

Which area of the brain implements the motor plan for speech?

Answer 32

Motor Cortex

Question 33

What is the sequence of structures for "Speaking a heard word"?

Answer 33

Auditory Cortex → Wernicke’s → Arcuate Fasciculus → Broca’s → Motor Cortex

Question 34

What is the sequence of structures for "Reading"?

Answer 34

Primary Visual Cortex → Angular Gyrus → Wernicke’s → Arcuate Fasciculus → Broca’s → Motor Cortex

Question 35

Advanced Imaging: The dorsal language pathways include the ____.

Answer 35

Arcuate Fasciculus (AF) and Superior Longitudinal Fascicle (SLF)

Question 36

Advanced Imaging: The ventral language pathways include the ____.

Answer 36

Uncinate Fasciculus (UF) and Extreme Capsule Fiber System (ECFS)

Question 37

What is another name for Broca’s Aphasia?

Answer 37

Motor / Expressive / Nonfluent Aphasia

Question 38

Where is the lesion located in Broca’s Aphasia?

Answer 38

Inferior Frontal Gyrus (Broca’s area)

Question 39

Is comprehension intact in Broca’s Aphasia?

Answer 39

Yes

Question 40

Is repetition intact in Broca’s Aphasia?

Answer 40

No

Question 41

What is "Agrammatism" (seen in Broca's aphasia)?

Answer 41

Telegraphic speech

Question 42

What is another name for Wernicke’s Aphasia?

Answer 42

Sensory / Receptive / Fluent Aphasia

Question 43

Where is the lesion located in Wernicke’s Aphasia?

Answer 43

Superior Lateral Temporal Lobe (Wernicke's area)

Question 44

Is speech fluent in Wernicke’s Aphasia?

Answer 44

Yes (but incoherent)

Question 45

Is comprehension intact in Wernicke’s Aphasia?

Answer 45

No

Question 46

What are "Paraphasias" (seen in Wernicke's aphasia)?

Answer 46

Sound and word substitutions

Question 47

Which aphasia is characterized by fluent speech, intact comprehension, but impaired repetition?

Answer 47

Conduction Aphasia

Question 48

Where is the lesion located in Conduction Aphasia?

Answer 48

Arcuate Fasciculus

Question 49

Which aphasia involves total loss of comprehension and expressive abilities?

Answer 49

Global Aphasia

Question 50

Where is the damage located in Global Aphasia?

Answer 50

Extensive (Broca's, Wernicke's, and Arcuate Fasciculus)

Question 51

Do the deaf process sign language in different neural structures than vocal language?

Answer 51

No (It uses the same neural structures)