PHYSIOLOGY > CVS > Flashcards

CVS Flashcards

(44 cards)

Study These Flashcards
1
Q

CVS division

A
  • vascular and cardiac
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

vascular

A
  • peripheral circulation

- flow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

cardiac muscle

A
  • dealing with electrical activity (action potential of the heart)
  • mechanics and dynamics (performance of the heart)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

action potential

A
  • ventriclular action potential

- SA node action potential

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

performance of the heart

A
  • preload

- contractility

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

ventricular action potential

A
  • movement of ions
  • Na,
  • K,
  • Ca++ skeletal action potential
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

ventricular action potential

A

channels
voltage
- FAST- Na+ closed at rest
- depolarization is the signal for opening
- open quickly close quickly
- SLOW- K+ and Ca++ shares in cardiac muscle
- K+ is OPEN AT REST
- depolarization is the signal for closing
- Ca++
- depolarization is the signal for opening
UNGATED
- K+- ALWAYS OPEN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

ventricular action phases

A 
phase 0
- due to net influx of sodium
- causing rapid depolarization
phase 1
- small efflux of K
phase 2
- small influx of Ca
- and balance by slow efflux of K
- causing a long plateau phase
- large ventricular action potential
- 200 msec duration
phase 3
- rapid efflux of K
- opened gated and ungated channels
phase 4
- small efflux of K
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

action potential

A

SA node

  • phase 4, phase 0, phase 3, phase 4
  • phase 0 net influx of calcium
  • phase 3 rapid efflux of K
  • phase 4 slow influx of Ca++
  • or slow influx of Na+
  • funny current
  • open at rest
  • closed at threshold
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

SA node

A
  • controlled by autonomic nervous system
  • sympathetic
  • parasympathetic
  • action potential fires electrical signal to atria then it depolarized causing the HEART RATE
  • pace maker of the heart
  • heart rate is determined from the SA node
  • P WAVE atrial depolarization
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

AV node

A
  • slowest part of the pathway

- PR interval

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

ventricles

A
  • generates its own action potential
  • travels in the septum
  • bundle of His
  • STROKE VOLUME (contracts and pumps blood out)
  • VENTRICULAR DEPOLARIZATION
  • QRS
  • T wave
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

performance of the heart

A
  • Cardiac output (CO)

- heart rate (SA NODE) x stroke volume (VENTRICLES) factor in EDV factor in venous return

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

P wave

A
  • atrial depolarization

- atria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

performance of the heart (CHF)

A
  • preload (venous return, flow)
  • due to passive tension in the muscle
  • filling of the heart
  • during diastole
  • index of measurement of preload is END DIASTOLIC VOLUME proportional to preload (echocardio)
  • contractility
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

diastolic filling during diastole

A
  • heart muscle is being stretched to accommodate the filling of the incoming blood
  • passive tension increasing the length
  • directly proportional to the length
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

increasing preload

A
  • increasing passive tension to the heart

- diastolic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

systole

Study These Flashcards
A
  • active tension of the heart
  • heart muscle shortens
  • length shortens
19
Q

line that intersects with MEAN SYSTOLIC PRESSURE and MEAN DIASTOLIC PRESSURE

Study These Flashcards
A
  • LO ultimate stretch of a muscle to have a maximum systolic performance of the heart
  • 120 mmHg optimally filled
20
Q

EDV>ESV

Study These Flashcards
A
  • LESS stretch of the systolic
  • increasing the preload
  • affecting the performance of the heart
21
Q

to decrease PRELOAD

Study These Flashcards
A
  • INCREASE VOLUME LOSS
    inc. urine output diuretics
  • DECREASE VENOUS RETURN
    venodilator DIGOXIN
22
Q

DIGOXIN (inotrophism benefits)

Study These Flashcards
A
  • competes with K for the sodium K pump
  • it inhibit the sodium K pump
  • passive influx of Na is inhibited
  • decreasing secondary active transport of calcium from the heart cell is inhibited
  • causing build up of calcium in the cell
  • calcium binds to troponin
23
Q

before digoxin

Study These Flashcards
A
  • heart beating lazy, slowly
24
Q

after digoxin

Study These Flashcards
A
  • heart develops pressure at a faster rate
  • heart develops more pressure, power
  • rate of relaxation of the heart is faster
  • systolic interval is decrease (less time in systole, O2 demand decreases)
  • if the heart rate remain constant their will be more time for diastole ventricular filling increase coronary flow going back to normal
25
cardiac output CO (HEMORRHAGE)
- preload and contractility
26
CONTRACTILITY RULES
- all points on the same line/plane have the SAME contractility - as it moves from the center of the LINE to the LEFT it will increase contractility - as it move to the RIGHT it will decrease contractility DECREASE CO leading to compensated and decompensated failure
27
Hemorrhage
- loose PRELOAD decreasing the performance of the heart decreasing CO - preload is determined by venous return - it doesn't affect the contractility/muscles of the heart - but thought compensation heart increase contractility to make up the loss of performance
28
over infusion/OVERLOAD of fluids effect on preload and contractility of the heart
- overload increase preload by Frank Starling law performance increase - to compensate heart decrease contractility towards normal but it will not go back to normal - INCREASE VENOUS PRESSURE - INCREASE CARDIAC OUTPUT
29
venous return determines
- cardiac output
30
increase resistance does not affect
- venous return | - cardiac output
31
heart rate has
- no effect on cardiac output in normal settings (stroke volume (VENTRICLES) factor in EDV factor in venous return HAS) - but very low/very high heart rate impedes VR and CO
32
decrease CARDIAC OUTPUT is due to
- decrease HEART RATE | - increase HEART RATE filling problem massive tachycardia, arrhythmia not enough filling
33
dilation of arteries (ARTERIOLAR DILATOR) FLOW
- more forward flow - into the veins - INCREASE CO
34
constriction of the arteries (FLOW)
- decrease radius thereby decreasing flow - less blood going to the venous system - decrease venous return - DECREASE CO
35
compensated failure parameters NORMAL VP and CO
- decreasing contractility - maintaining the performance (preload) - increase venous pressure - CO is maintained in acceptable limits
36
decompensated failure parameters NORMAL VP and CO
- heart failure - CO below > - volume overload
37
SYSTOLIC DYSFUNCTION
- abnormal reduction in ventricular emptying due to impaired contractility or excessive afterload - PRESSURE OVERLOAD--increase TPR (hypertension), increase afterload (HTN), obstruction (aortic stenosis) - heart develops CONCENTRIC HYPERTROPHY - VOLUME OVERLOAD-- increase EDV (aortic insufficiency, mitral insufficiency/regurgitation) increase back flow of blood to left ventricle - heart develops ECCENTRIC HYPERTROPHY
38
DIASTOLIC DYSFUNCTION
- decrease in ventricular compliance during FILLING phase - DECREASING venous return - tissue stiffness - impaired ventricular relaxation - diminished Frank -Starling law mechanism
39
an INCREASE in afterload
- is due to PRESSURE/VOLUME OVERLOAD
40
CARDIOMYOPATHY
- failure of myocardium where the underlying cause originates within the MYOCYTES
41
BASIC TYPES OF CARDIOMYOPATHIES
- DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY - RESTRICTIVE CARDIOMYOPATHY - HYPERTOPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY
42
DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY
- LEFT ventricular dilatation - modest hypertrophy - chamber size is INCREASED - affected LEFT and RIGHT heart - intact diastolic function - compensation increased sympathetic stimulation to the myocardium can lead to - systolic dysfunction despite increase contractility - mitral and tricuspid failure can lead to complete failure
43
RESTRICTIVE CARDIOMYOPATHY
- decrease ventricular compliance - DIASTOLIC filling/dysfunction - decrease ventricular cavity size - increase filling pressure - left and right sided congestion - ventricular hypertrophy (+/-) - maintain systolic function - NARROWED chamber size
44
HYPERTOPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY
- septal or ventricular hypertrophy is unrelated to a pressure - diastolic dysfunction is due to INCREASE muscle STIFFNESS and impaired relaxation - ASYMMETRIC HYPERTROPHY of the septum due to restriction of ventricular outflow - IDIOPATHIC HYPERTROPHIC SUBAORTIC STENOSIS - PULMONARY CONGESTION - SEPTAL FIBER DISARRAY
PHYSIOLOGY
flashcards
Decks in class (40)
# Cards
Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2026 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions