Pressure ventricular-Volume Loop

Question 1

ESV

Answer 1

• mitral valve opens
• aortic valve closes
• isovolumetric relaxation
• is the lowest volume

Question 2

EDV

Answer 2

• filling
• mitral valve closes
• isovolumetric contraction (the volume remains the same as the ventricle increase pressure)
• ventricular pressure >aortic pressure
• ejection phase

Question 3

period of the hear is doing its maximum work

Answer 3

• is during ejection phase

- work = force x distance

Question 4

isovolumetric contraction

Answer 4

• most of energy consumption

Question 5

aortic insufficiency, early uncomplicated

Answer 5

• increase preload
• increase STROKE VOLUME main event
• increased ventricular systolic pressure
• increase EDV
• increase pressure

Question 6

heart failure (decrease contractility-systolic failure)
contractility is inverse to ESV

Answer 6

• decrease ventricular systolic pressure
• increased preload
• loops shifts to the right
• increase ESV

Question 7

essential hypertension (aortic stenosis)

Answer 7

• increased ventricular systolic pressure
• preload remains almost the same
• increase afterload due to obstructive valve
• shift to the R
• minimal decrease SV

Question 8

early hypertension

Answer 8

• increase in afterload
• increase pressure
• volume is NORMAL
• SV is normal

Question 9

increase contractility is inverse to ESV (decrease ESV) DIGOXIN

Answer 9

• increase ventricular systolic pressure
• decrease preload
• increase ejection fraction
• loop shift to the LEFT
• increase SV

Question 10

EXERCISE

Answer 10

• increase ventricular systolic pressure
• increase ejection fraction
• no change in preload (increase HEAVY exercise)
• ESV decrease SHIFTS TO THE LEFT ONLY ESV

Question 11

DIGOXIN

Answer 11

• entire curved shifts to the LEFT