Valvular PrOblems

Question 1

systolic

Answer 1

120 mm Hg

Question 2

diastolic

Answer 2

80 mm Hg

Question 3

peak atrial pressure

Answer 3

15 mm Hg

Question 4

SYSTOLIC MURMUR

Answer 4

• aortic stenosis

- mitral insufficiency

Question 5

DIASTOLIC MURMUR

Answer 5

• mitral stenosis

- aortic insufficiency

Question 6

stethoscope

Answer 6

• screening tool for murmur

- investigation ventricular pressure tracing

Question 7

pressure changes occur

Answer 7

ventricle

atrium

Question 8

ventricular

Answer 8

• peak ventricular pressure>120 mm Hg aortic valve pathology

Question 9

aortic valve pathology

Answer 9

• pressure gradient between peak ventricular pressure and aortic pressure
• is caused by obstruction
• causing aortic stenosis

Question 10

aortic valve pathology

Answer 10

• no pressure gradient involved
• regurgitation is taking place
• causing atrial insufficiency

Question 11

atrial pressure >15mm Hg

Answer 11

• mitral valve pathology

Question 12

mitral valve pathology

Answer 12

• increase in diastole- obstruction of the mitral valve, causing mitral stenosis
• increase in systole- regurgitation, mitral insufficiency

Question 13

aortic stenosis

Answer 13

• obstruction of aortic valve
• peak ventricular pressure gradient of 160 mm Hg
• systolic murmur

Question 14

aortic insufficiency/regurgitation

Answer 14

• peak ventricular pressure 160 mm Hg
• aortic valve
• pressure gradient between the peak aortic pressure and ventricular pressure-NONE

Question 15

MITRAL STENOSIS

Answer 15

• peak ventricular pressure normal rule out aortic valve
• INCREASE ATRIAL PRESSURE and falling during systole
• DIAGNOSTIC OF MITRAL VALVE PATHOLOGY
• pressure is INCREASE IN DIASTOLE>15 mm Hg
• obstruction of mitral valve
• LEFT ventricular volume will shift to the LEFT
• impaired filling to the ventricle causing DECREASE IN EDV
• DECREASE pressure

Question 16

mitral insufficiency/regurgitation

Answer 16

• normal peak ventricular pressure RULE OUT AORTIC VALVE
• atrial pressure > 30 mm Hg (normal 15 mm Hg)
• mitral pathology
• pressure is INCREASE IN SYSTOLE
• causing regurgitation of the mitral valve causing mitral insufficiency

Question 17

S1

Answer 17

• mitral valve closes
• first heart sound
• isovolumetric contraction

Question 18

S2

Answer 18

• aortic valve closes

- second heart sound

Question 19

SYSTOLIC MURMURS between S1 and S2

ejection murmur

Answer 19

• aortic stenosis
• pulmonic stenosis
• crescendic-decrescendic
• increase then decrease in intensity

Question 20

SYSTOLIC MURMURS between S1 and S2

pansystolic murmurs

Answer 20

• mitral regurgitation

- tricuspid regurgitation

Question 21

SYSTOLIC MURMURS between S1 and S2

late systolic murmur

Answer 21

• mitral valve prolapse
• common in young women
• late systolic click

Question 22

DIASTOLIC MURMUR

Answer 22

• between S2 and S1

Question 23

DIASTOLIC MURMUR

early aortic and pulmonic regurgitation

Answer 23

• intensity that decrease in early diastole

Question 24

DIASTOLIC MURMUR

mid to late: mitral stenosis and tricuspid stenosis

Answer 24

• decrease in intensity in mid to late diastolic interval