Descriptive statistics

Question 1

Descriptive statistics

Answer 1

Used to numerically describe the characteristics of the data set

Question 2

Inferential statistics

Answer 2

Used to make inferences from data from the sample and draw it to the target population

Question 3

Distribution

Answer 3

The way in which data is distributed

Question 4

How can we show distribution

Answer 4

A list
A table
A graph

Question 5

Normal distribution

Answer 5

The default assumption
Distribution occurs symmetirically around the middle (mean/ central score)
As you get away from the mean on either sides equally, fewer individuals achieve extreme scores

Question 6

Measures of central tendency

Answer 6

Tells us the average

Question 7

Mode

Answer 7

The most frequent value in he distribution

Question 8

Median

Answer 8

The middle value when all scores are ordered from lowest to highest

Question 9

Mean

Answer 9

Statistical average:
Sum of all values/ number of values

Question 10

Bi modal distribution

Answer 10

When there are 2 modal values

Question 11

Multimodal distribution

Answer 11

When there are 3 or more modal values

Question 12

Pros of the mode

Answer 12

Represents the largest number of people with this score = most common score
Score will act be in the sample
Can be useful in nominal data
Unaffected by outliers

Question 13

Cons of the mode

Answer 13

Won’t represent every value other than most frequent one
May neglect important outlier
Not useful if the difference in frequencies of scores is very little

Question 14

Median pros

Answer 14

Not influences by outliers
Used for ordinal and nominal level data

Question 15

Median cons

Answer 15

May not actually appear in the sample - if you find MP between values
Not reliable estimate - based off on rank position to be selected to represent average

Question 16

Mean pros

Question 17

Population mean symbol

Answer 17

mu (μ)

Question 18

Numbers in sample symbol

Answer 18

X

Question 19

Sample mean symbol

Answer 19

(x̄) X bar

Question 20

N

Answer 20

Sample size

Question 21

n

Answer 21

Size of sub groups of samples

Question 22

Pros of mean

Answer 22

All scores contribute to the final value
Sensitive and accurate
Powerful way to estimate population mean

Question 23

Cons of mean

Answer 23

Values don’t make sense e.g. can be 1.3 people
Influenced/ skewed by outliers
Only for interval/ ratio data