1
Q
is the scientific study of how and why humans
grow, change, and adapt across the course of their lives.
A
Developmental Psychology
2
Q
is the study of how people change and grow
throughout their lives, from conception to death.
A
Human Development-
3
Q
Stages of Human Development:
A
- INFANCY AND TODDLERHOOD
- EARLY CHILDHOOD
- MIDDLE CHILDHOOD
- ADOLESCENCE
- EARLY ADULTDHOOD
- MIDDLE ADULTHOOD
- LATE ADULTHOOD
4
Q
0-3 years
Rapid physical and
cognitive growth,
attachment, and early
motor skills
development.
A
Infancy and Toddlerhood
5
Q
3-6 years
Development of self
concept, language, and
early social skills.
A
Early Childhood
6
Q
6-12 years
Cognitive growth, peer
relationships, and
academic achievement
A
Middle Childhood
7
Q
12-18 years
Puberty, identity
development, and
increasing independence
A
Adolescence
8
Q
18-40 years
Career development,
relationships, and
forming intimate bonds
A
Early Adulthood
9
Q
40-65 years
Career maturation,
family responsibilities,
and dealing with aging.
A
Middle Adulthood
10
Q
65 and
above
Reflection on life, dealing
with health challenges,
and adapting to
retirement
A
Late Adulthood
11
Q
growth and the ability to use muscles and body parts
for particular skills.
A
Physical Development-
12
Q
- the process of growth and change in
intellectual/mental abilities such as thinking, reasoning, and understanding.
A
Cognitive Development
13
Q
- the study of how people change over time, both
physically and mentally.
A
Growth and Development
14
Q
- development proceeds from head to toe.
A
Cephalocaudal Principle
15
Q
- development proceeds from the center of the body
outward.
A
Proximodistal Principle
16
Q
A
17
Q
- simple skills develop first, and these skills are
combined into more complex skills.
A
Hierarchical Integration
18
Q
- development proceeds in a predictable sequence,
with each stage building upon the previous one.
A
Sequential Development
19
Q
.the important factors that influence the growth and
development of children.
It refers to the inherited traits and characteristics that
come from a person’s biological parents through their genes
A
Genetic Factors-
20
Q
- the conditions and influences that affect a baby’s
development while still inside the mother’s womb.
A
Prenatal Factors
21
Q
- are the influences that affect a child’s development **after
birth. **
A
Postnatal Factors
22
Q
the union of a male sperm cell and a female egg cell to form a new
organism.
A
Conception-
23
Q
is the process where a sperm cell from the father joins with
an egg cell from the mother to form a single cell.
A
Egg Fertilization-
24
Q
is the process by which a mature egg is released from a woman’s
ovary.
A
Ovulation-
25
- is the process by which a male sperm cell joins with a female egg
cell **to form a new cell.**
Fertilization
26
- happens when **two chromosomes join together** to form
**one single** chromosome.
Chromosome Fusion
27
- is the process by which a **single cell splits into two or more new
cells.**
Cell Division
28
- is the process by which the **body’s organs**
start to **develop from the early cells of the embryo.**
Organogenesis (organ formation)
29
- is a **thin, protective membrane** that **surrounds** the developing
**baby inside the mother's womb**.
Amniotic Sac
30
is a **temporary organ** that develops in the uterus during pregnancy.
It **acts as the lifeline between the mother and the baby.**
Placenta-
31
is the **rope-like** structure that **connects the baby to the
placenta** inside the mother's womb.
Umbilical Cord-
32
Three Stages of Prenatal Development:
GERMINAL STAGE
EMBYONIC STAGE
FETAL STAGE
33
34
it’s the **beginning stage of life** when a **tiny cell starts to grow **
and attach inside the mother's womb.
Germinal Stage-
35
- is the **critical period** when the **body's main organs start** to
develop and the **foundation of life is built**
Embryonic
36
is the **final stage of prenatal development,** starting from the **9th
week** of pregnancy **until birth**.
Fetal Stage-
37
is a prenatal human being **between the embryonic stage and birth.**
Fetus-
38
begins when the **fetal body has
emerged** from the mother's body and **lasts until the umbilical cord has been
cut and tied**.
Period of Partunate (Peripatum Period)-
39
the process in which the **mother's uterus contracts to open the cervix**
and help the **baby move toward the birth canal.**
**It’s the beginning of childbirth**.
Labor-
40
the stage when the **baby comes out of the mother's body through
the birth canal**.
This is the moment the **baby is born**.
Delivery-
41
- the **final stage of childbirth**, when the **placenta is pushed
out of the uterus** after the baby is delivered.
Placental Delivery
42
refers to a **newborn baby**, especially during the **first four weeks
after birth.**
Neonate-
43
- is a **very important time** when the **baby adapts to life
outside the mother's womb**,
**learning to breathe, eat**, and regulate body
temperature.
Neonatal Period
44
- is the **first stage of life after birth**,
when a baby experiences **rapid
physical growth**, starts to move, think, communicate, and **forms a bond with
caregivers**.
Infancy
45
he is famously known for his**THeory of cognitive development**,
which looked at **how children develop intellectually** throughout the course of
childhood.
Jean Piaget-
46
is derived from the Latin word **“cognoscere”** which means **to
know, recognize, or conceptualize**.
Is the **human ability to process information
from outside the world**.
Cognition-
47
- is the emergence of the **ability to think and
understand.**
Cognitive Development
48
is a **period of development**
where children **utilize skills and abilities** they were born with, such as
**looking, sucking, grasping**, and listening to learn about the environment.
Sensorimotor Stage (birth to 2 years)-
49
Four Stages of Development:
1. Sensorimotor Stage (birth to 2 years)-
1.1 Object Permanence (memory)-
2. Preoperational Stage (2 to 7 years old)-
**sec liar**
2.1 Symbolic function
2.2 egocentrism
2.3 centration
2.4 lack of conservation
2.5 irreversibility
2.6 animism
2.7 realism
3. Concrete Operational Stage (7 to 11 years)
3.1 decentering
3.2 reversibility
3.3 conservation
3.4 seriation
4. Formal Operational Stage (12 years and above)
4.1 Hypothetical Reasoning
4.2 analogical
4.2 deductive method
50
- realize that the object exists even if they are
out of sight
Object Permanence (memory)-
51
is when children learn to
**think symbolically** and use language, but their **thinking is still limited,**
**self-centered, and not yet logical**.
Preoperational Stage (2 to 7 years old)-
52
- it is the **cognitive ability to use symbols**, such as words,
images, or objects, **to represent and think about things that are not physically
present.**
Symbolic Function
53
is where they have **difficulty understanding perspectives other
than their own**.
They **only see the world from their own perspective** in the
most literal sense.
Egocentrism-
54
- It refers to the tendency *to focus on one aspect of the situation**
while **ignoring other important features.**
Centration
55
- it refers to a child's **inability to understand certain
objects**.
Lack of Conservation
56
it refers to their **difficulty in understanding** that some
processes can be **reversed**.
Irreversibility-
57
is the belief that **inanimate objects and natural phenomena have
feelings**, intentions, or consciousness.
Animism-
58
it refers to the belief that **things exist independently of one’s
perception or interpretation.**
Realism-
59
the **children develop the
ability to think logically** about **concrete things** and understand the
concepts of conservation.
Concrete Operational Stage (7 to 11 years
60
- is a cognitive process in which **one perceives different features.**
Decentering
61
is a cognitive concept that refers to the **understanding that
certain actions** or processes can be **reversed.**
Reversibility-
62
is a cognitive concept referring to the understanding that
certain properties of objects **remain the same despite changes in their form or
appearance**.
Conservation-
63
- it refers to the **ability to arrange objects or concepts in a logical**
order based on a specific criterion, such as **size, color, or shape**.
Seriation
64
when individuals
gain the **ability to think abstractly, reason logically, and formulate test
hypotheses**, making a significant **advancement in their problem-solving**
and critical thinking skills.
Formal Operational Stage (12 years and above) –
65
- is the ability to **think about possibilities** and
generate and **evaluate hypotheses**
. It involves considering **“what if” scenarios**
and **making predictions** based on those scenarios.
Hypothetical Reasoning
66
- is the process of understanding or **making inferences based on
the similarities between two different things** or situations.
“ **I think I know.**”
Analogical
67
a **logical approach** that starts with **general** principles or
theories and moves toward **specific conclusions** or predictions.
Deductive Method-
2 | PRELIMS — SEM 1 ! 💌
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