ENG

Question 1

3 concentric circle of englishes

Answer 1

Expanding (foreign)
Outer (2nd language)
Inner circle (1st language)

Question 2

English ad native language
(Southern america, USA, Canada, New Zealand)

Answer 2

Inner Circle

Question 3

English as their 2nd language

(Asian Countries; Ph, Ghana, Lenya, Bangladesh, India, Nigeria, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Malaysia

Answer 3

Outer circle

Question 4

Use the English language only if necessary
+ English is not part of their priority or focus

China, Indonesia, Japan, Korea, Israel, Taiwan, South Africa

Answer 4

Expanding

Question 5

Immediate Language

Answer 5

Lingua Franca

Question 6

Created by 2 people with diff. Languages so they can meet and understand each other

Answer 6

Pidgin

Question 7

Undergo nativization
ex. When couples use pidgin, their children will use pidgin and the child’s native language but with grammar rules and orders of words

Answer 7

Creole

Question 8

4 main speech

Answer 8

Reading
Listening
Writing
Speech

Question 9

Levels of usage of english language

Answer 9

A1 - beginner user
A2 - elementary user
B1 - intermediate english
B2 - upper intermediate english
C1 - advanced english
C2 - proficiently english

Question 10

Level of Usage:
can understand sentence
very basic family information
simple and direct exchange of info

Answer 10

A1 Elementary English

Question 11

Level of Usage:
Can encounter in work, school
can write simple letters, essays
can communicate in english
can express delf but not elebaborate

Answer 11

B1 Intermediate English

Question 12

Level of Usage:
technical instructions or terms in specific fields

can communicate with native english speakers

Answer 12

B2 upper intermediate english

Question 13

Level of Usage:
can speak fluently and spontaneously
clear and organized
aware of using english language
read and write with comprehension

Answer 13

C1 Advanced English

Question 14

fluent english
can understand english
precisely, differentiable
meanings even complex

Answer 14

C2 Proficiently English

Question 15

use of a variety of language based on purpose and audience

Answer 15

Register

Question 16

Jargons or technical words

Answer 16

Formal

Question 17

for casual conversation
no specific topic
for colloquial

Answer 17

Informal

Question 18

Pronouns Usage (10)

Answer 18

1. Personal pronouns
2. Possessive
3. Reflexive
4. Relative
5. Reciprocal
6. Interrogative
7. Indefinite
8. Intensive
9. Demonstrative
10. Distributive

Question 19

Refers to self
We, him, she, us

Answer 19

Personal pronouns

Question 20

pronouns such as my, mine, yours, his, her

Answer 20

Possessive

Question 21

Gives emphasis to the subject
Ex: i thought myself how to..

Yourself, themselves, herself

Answer 21

Reflexive pronouns

Question 22

This, that, these, those

Answer 22

Demonstrative pronouns

Question 23

use of WHs + Whom, whose, which

Answer 23

Interrogative pronoun

Question 24

pronouns after the noun/subject
Ex: the teacher whom we met is kind

Answer 24

Relative pronouns

Question 25

use of someone, somebody, everyone, anyone, both, few, many, all, some, each, nobody

Answer 25

Indefinite pronoun

Question 26

use of each other, one another

Answer 26

Reciprocal pronouns

Question 27

use of you, yourself, intensify who did the verb ex: you, yourself i, myself the machine, itself

Answer 27

Intensive pronoun

Question 28

any, neither, none Ex: either of the two is correct

Answer 28

Distributive pronouns

Question 29

are words, phrases, and clauses that **affect and often enhance the meaning of a sentence.** offer details that can make a sentence more engaging, clearer, or specific. The simplest form of this would be an **adjective or adverb.**

Answer 29

Modifyers

Question 30

types of modifiers

Answer 30

Adjectival clause adverbial clause demonstratives possessive adjective/ determiners prepositional phrase

Question 31

Act as verb My sister, who is an engineer, works next door.  “**who is an engineer**,” the dependent clause (one that cannot stand alone; an incomplete thought), describes (or modifies) the noun “sister.” **usually begin with a relative pronoun** (that, which, who, whom, whose) or a relative adverb (where, when, why).

Answer 31

Adjectival clause

Question 32

Act as adverb Because I was so tired, I went to bed.  “Because I was so tired” describes the action of “going to bed.”  A trick: **usually answer the how, when, and why of actions.** Why did I go to bed? Because I was so tired  **usually begin with subordinating conjunctions.** **Time**: after, when, until, soon, before, **Condition:** if, whether or not, provided, in case, unless **Cause and effect**: because, as, since, so, in order that, now that, inasmuch as **Contrast:** though, although, while, whereas, even though

Answer 32

Adverbial clause

Question 33

this year; these people; that car; back in those days  **point to particular nouns**.  Near or far? “**this*"” and “**these**” refer to “near” nouns; “that” and “those” refer to “far” nouns.  **Come before the noun** they modify.

Answer 33

Demonstrative

Question 34

my paper; their happiness; your dog; his, her, its, our.  Usually used **in front of a noun to express possession.**  (mine, yours, his, hers, theirs, ours) are related, but they usually come after the noun they are expressing possession of. Example: The lunch is mine

Answer 34

Possessive determinets

Question 35

The people in the audience roared with laughter.  “in the audience” adds further meaning to “the people.”  **often answer how or why nouns are related** to other words in the sentence. In this example, the phrase answers why “people” are roaring with laughter, because they are “in the audience,” presumably of some hilarious comedy show

Answer 35

Prepositional phrase

Question 36

Common errors writers make when using modifiers.

Answer 36

Dangling modifier Misplaced modifier Ambiguous (squinting modifiers)

Question 37

After watching the movie, the book still seems better.  The adverbial phrase “after watching the movie” incorrectly modifies “the book.” This doesn’t make sense since a book cannot watch a movie. The modifier is dangling because the word it is supposed to modify—the name of or pronoun for the person who watched the movie—is not there.  A correction: After watching the movie, he still thinks the book is better.

Answer 37

Dangling modifier

Question 38

Joe thought about throwing a party for his dad while he walked in the park.  As it is, this sentence says that Joe thought about throwing the party while his dad walked in the park. That doesn’t make sense—his dad wouldn’t be there—and it is unclear.  The modifier “while he walked in the park” is misplaced. Is it referring to Joe or his dad?  A correction: While he walked in the park, Joe thought about throwing a party for his dad.

Answer 38

Misplaced modifier

Question 39

Explaining your premises clearly enhances your argument.  In this sentence, “clearly” could modify “explaining your premises,” as in explaining them clearly, or it could modify “enhances your argument,” as in clearly enhancing it.  A correction: Explaining your premises will clearly enhance your argument.

Answer 39

Ambiguous (squinting modifiers)

Question 40

Degrees of Comparison

Answer 40

Positive degree Comparative Superlative

Question 41

: An adjective with **no comparison.**

Answer 41

Positive Degree

Question 42

: An adjective used to **compare two nouns/pronouns**

Answer 42

Comparative Degree

Question 43

: An adjective is used to **compare more than two** nouns/pronouns. We use the article 'the' before the superlative degrees.

Answer 43

Superlative Degree

Question 44

describes sentence structure where the **same pattern of words** is used to show that two or more ideas have the **same level of importance.** requires sentences that contain lists, or predicates which have multiple parts, to maintain the introduced structure of the words, phrases, and clauses, without mixing them. Oftentimes, these words, phrases, or clauses are linked with coordinating conjunctions (“and,” or “or”

Answer 44

Parallel structure

Question 45

Consistent on the structure of words

Answer 45

Parallelism