ZOO (MICROSCOPE) incomplete

Question 1

— From the Greek words **mikron”” means small and scopeos, and to look

an optical instrument consisting of one or more lenses in order to magnify images of minute objects

Answer 1

Microscope

Question 2

is the science of investigating small object using such instrument

Answer 2

Microscopy

Question 3

VARIABLES USED IN MICROSCOPY

Answer 3

Magnification
Resolution
Working Distance
Contrast

Question 4

— Degree of enlargement
— It depends on: optical tube length, focal length of objective, and magnifying power of eyepiece

— Total Magnification:
Magnification of the eyepiece x magnification of the objectives

Ocular Lens: 10x-15x
(red) Scanner: 4x
(yellow) Low power: 10x
(blue) High power: 40x

Oil Immersion: 100x (oil enhances the resolution power of the microscope)

Answer 4

Magnification

Question 5

— Ability to reveal closely adjacent structural details as separate and distinct.

The extent to which details in the magnified object are maintained

Answer 5

Resolution

Question 6

Distance between the front surface of the objective and the surface of the cover glass or specimen.

Answer 6

Working Distance

Question 7

Differences in the intensity between two objects or between an object and background.

Improved by staining the specimen

Answer 7

Contrast

Question 8

TYPES OF MICROSCOPE AND ITS USES

Answer 8

1. Light Microscope
   1.1 Dark field
   1.2 Phase contrast
   1.3 Fluorescence

1.3. 1 Fluorescein Isothiocyanate (FITC)
1.3. 2 Acridine Orange
1.3. 3 Auramine Rhodamine
1.3. 4 Calcofluor White

1.4 Compound
1.5 Simple

2. ELECTRON MICROSCOPE
   2.1 Transmission Electron Microscope
   2.2 Scanning Electron Microscope

Question 10

produces bright image of the object against a dark background

Uses: demonstration of T. pallidum, leptospira, spirochetes

Answer 10

Dark field

Question 11

produces high-contrast images of transparent specimens

Uses: for examination of unstained living cells in natural state

Answer 11

Phase contrast

Question 12

uses fluorochrome dyes that shows bright images

Uses: for observation of microbes that fluoresce when stained

Answer 12

Fluorescence

Question 13

for QBC examination (malarial parasites)

Answer 13

Acridine orange

Question 14

for examination of tubercle bacilli (yellow fluorescence)

Answer 14

Auramine rhodamine

Question 15

rapid method)for examination of yeast and pathogenic fungi, bacteria and parasites

Answer 15

Calcofluor white

Question 16

for labeling/identification of proteins (green)

Answer 16

Fluorescein Isothiocyanate (FITC)

Question 17

commonly used microscope in the laboratory

Answer 17

Compound

Question 18

uses mirror/sunlight as light source) ex: magnifying glass

Answer 18

Simple

Question 19

Can magnify up to >50 million times
Produces 2D images

Answer 19

Transmission Electron Microscope

Question 20

Up to 1-2 million times
Produces 3D images

Answer 20

Scanning Electron Microscope

Question 21

Parts of Microscope in 3 division

Answer 21

Mechanical Part
Magnifying Part
Illuminating Part

Question 22

— is closest to the viewer’s eye.
— It comes in different magnification powers from 5X to 30X, but the most common ocular lenses are of 10X or 15X magnification.
— they magnify the image for the second time.

Answer 22

Eyepiece (ocular lens)

Question 23

— It’s the eyepiece holder. It carries the eyepiece just above the objective lens.

Answer 23

Eyepiece tube

Question 24

is a control knob present ONLY in the binocular microscope

used to change focus on one eyepiece.

It is used to correct any difference in vision and compensate for the differences in vision between the viewer’s two eyes.

Answer 24

Diopter Adjustment

Question 25

— a **movable circular structure that houses all the objective lenses** . It is also called the revolving turret. It can be rotated clockwise or counterclockwise to increase or decrease the magnification.

Answer 25

Nose piece

Question 26

—are the lens that is closest to the specimen. — **first to receive the light transmitted** from the specimen and magnify the image for the first time.

Answer 26

Objective lenses

Question 27

are the **control knobs** used to focus the microscope on the specimen. Has two types: Fine AK Course AK

Answer 27

Adjustment knobs

Question 28

used for **fine adjustment**. It is a **smaller knob** and is used to move the stage** up or down** very slowly. It is mostly used while viewing under **high power.**

Answer 28

Fine Adjustment Knob:

Question 29

used for **focusing the image under low power magnification**. It is a **larger knob** and is used to move the stage up or down very rapidly.

Answer 29

Coarse Adjustment Knob:

Question 30

This is the section in which the specimen is placed for viewing

Answer 30

Stage

Question 31

— the **control knobs used to move the stage mechanically;** one for moving **left and right** and the other for moving forward and backward. This will **move the slide** in the field of vision.

Answer 31

Stage Control Knobs

Question 32

— This is a **hole in the microscope stage** through which the transmitted light from the source reaches the stage.

Answer 32

Aperture

Question 33

— is the **light source**. Commonly used illuminators are **tungsten-halogen lamps.**

Answer 33

Microscopic illuminator

Question 34

— These are lenses that are used **to collect and focus light** from the illuminator into the specimen.

Answer 34

Condenser

Question 35

— its **controls the light intensity** and the **size of the beam of light** that gets to the specimen.

Answer 35

Diaphragm

Question 36

is an **electrical control device**. are used to turn on and off the illuminator.

Answer 36

Light Switch

Question 37

—It connects the eyepiece lens to the objective lens.

Answer 37

Head

Question 38

It supports the head of the microscope and is also used when carrying the microscope.

Answer 38

Arm

Question 39

is the **lowermost part of the microscope** that supports the entire microscope structure. It provides ** stability for the microscope**. Illuminators, light switches, and electrical wiring systems are fitted in it.

Answer 39

The base

Question 40

BASIC QUALITY PARAMETERS OF MICROSCOPIC IMAGES (BFRiCo)

Answer 40

Brightness Focus Resolution Contrast

Question 41

It refers whether the image is well **defined or blurry** (out of focus). T The focus can be adjusted through course and fine adjustment knobs.

Answer 41

Focus

Question 42

It refers to **how light or dark** the image is. Depends on the illumination system and can be adjusted by changing the voltage of the lamp and by the diaphragm.

Answer 42

Brightness

Question 43

It refers to how best the specimen is **differentiated from the background** or the adjacent area of the microscopic field.

Answer 43

Contrast

Question 44

It refers to the ability to distinguish two adjacent objects.

Answer 44

Resolution

Question 45

microscope's ability to **stay in focus when changing magnification**

Answer 45

Parfocal

Question 46

- the object in the **center of view will remain in the center** when the objective is rotated

Answer 46

Parcentral

Question 47

Read me

Answer 47

— The upper left number is the **magnification** factor of the objective. — The upper right number is the **numerical aperture** of the objective. — The lower left number is the **tube length (mm)** — The lower right number refers to the **thickness of the glass cover slip*" (mm) assumed by the lens designer for best performance of the objective.

Question 48

Caring of Microscope

Answer 48

**Proper Storage:** *fuse dust cover* when not in use store the microscope in a *clean dry place, waterproof container, with good air ventilation* *Do not store* the microscope in *direct sunlight* **Handling:** hold its arm securely with *both hands* **Care of Lenses:** *Do not touch the optical and objective lens with bare fingers.* Clean with suitable lens cleaning solution Wipe from the center to the outside in a spiral manner **Care for OIO:** Wipe the oil on the objective after using. Use a commercially available cleaning solution for the oil. Cedar wood oil Mineral oil Silicone oil **Care for Lamp:** Perform an *annual maintenance check* Have your microscope serviced professionally A rule of thumb for frequency of servicing is every *200 hours of use or every 3 years*, whichever comes first.

Question 49

RULES IN USING MICROSCOPE

Answer 49

1. Always carry with 2 hands 2. Use only lens paper for cleaning 3. Do not force knobs 4. Always store covered 5. Be careful of the cords