diabetes

Question 1

-stimulates synthesis of glycogen, conversion of lipids into fats stored in the form of adipose tissue, and synthesis of needed proteins from amino acids
- helps push glucose into cell from blood stream

Answer 1

insulin

Question 2

hypoglycemia

Answer 2

less than 60

Question 3

• onset 5-15min
• peak 1-1.5h
• duration up to 6-8h
• client must eat within 15min injection

Answer 3

rapdid acting insulin

Question 4

what are all of the rapid acting insulins?

Answer 4

insulin aspart (NovoLog), lispro (Humalog), and glulisin (Apidra)

Question 5

• onset 30min-1h
• peak 8-12h
• duration 18-25g
• cloudy, must be rolled

Answer 5

intermediate acting insulin

Question 6

intermediate acting insulin

Answer 6

NPH, Humulin N, Novalin N

Question 7

when mixing NPH insulin with regular insulin, what do you draw up first?

Answer 7

regular then NPH (clear before cloudy)

Question 8

• onset 1h
• no peak
• lasts 24h
• don’t mix w/ other insulins

Answer 8

long-acting insulin

Question 9

when is long-acting insulin given?

Answer 9

nighttime

Question 10

long acting insulins

Answer 10

insulin glargine (Lantus), insulin detemir (Levimer)

Question 11

detemir is given every ___ hours

Answer 11

12

Question 12

• pale
• cool, moist skin
• sudden onset hunger, weakness, nervousness, headache, confusion, slurred speech, behavioral changes

Answer 12

hypoglycemia

Question 13

T/F: insulin peaks during exercise

Answer 13

T

Question 14

drugs interacting w/ insulins

Answer 14

thiazide diuretics, estrogens, steroids, beta blockers

Question 15

• used to treat hypoglycemia
• usually when oral routes CI
• can be given SQ, IM, IV

Answer 15

glucagon

Question 16

insulin is secreted by the

Answer 16

pancreas

Question 17

• more common in kids
• pancreas doesn’t produce insulin
• must take insulin

Answer 17

T1D

Question 18

• treated with diet, insulin, oral drugs
• insulin resistance

Answer 18

T2D

Question 19

• increases secretion pf insulin by pancreas
• increases insulin production
• AE: hypogglycemia, GI, wt gain, n/v, heartburn
• T2D only
• taken 1-2x/day w/ meals

Answer 19

sulfonylureas (glipizide)

Question 20

• decrease production of glucose in liver
• increased glucose uptake by fat and muscle
• used for insulin resistance
• GI effects
• potential for B12 deficiency

Answer 20

metformin (bigannides)

Question 21

T/F: hold metformin for 48h after contrast dye due to renal impact and lactic acidosis

Answer 21

T

Question 22

• prolonged action of incretin hormones
• glucose dependent, increases insulin secretion & decreases glucagon secretion
• potential risk HF
• interacts w/ digoxin, ACE inhibitors
• wt neutral, well tolerated

Answer 22

sitagliptin (Januvia)

Question 23

• blocks glucose reabsorption by kidney
• wt loss, lowers BP
• improved glycemic control

Answer 23

empagliflozin (Jardiance)