digestive system

Question 1

What is the main association of the digestive system?

Answer 1

Food processing

The digestive system has several roles, but its primary function is related to food processing.

Question 2

Name the two organs that have additional roles in food processing.

Answer 2

• Liver
• Pancreas

These organs contribute to the digestive process beyond the basic functions of the digestive system.

Question 3

What is the first step in food processing?

Answer 3

Ingestion

Ingestion involves the intake of food or eating and engages the lips, teeth, and tongue.

Question 4

What does digestion involve?

Answer 4

• Mechanical digestion
• Chemical digestion

Digestion encompasses both mechanical and chemical processes to break down food.

Question 5

Define mechanical digestion.

Answer 5

First action to breakdown large food items into smaller pieces

This process enhances enzyme action and includes activities like chewing and stomach mixing.

Question 6

What are examples of mechanical digestion actions?

Answer 6

• Teeth and chewing
• Stomach mixing
• Intestinal peristalsis

These actions help to physically break down food for better digestion.

Question 7

What is chemical digestion?

Answer 7

• Secretion of enzymes
• Water
• Acid
• Buffers into the lumen of the digestive tract

Chemical digestion involves the breakdown of food substances through enzymatic action.

Question 8

What occurs during enzymatic breakdown of macromolecules?

Answer 8

Hydrolysis

This process converts macromolecules into smaller monomers.

Question 9

Proteins are broken down into _______.

Answer 9

amino acids

This is part of the chemical digestion process.

Question 10

Starch or glycogen is converted into _______.

Answer 10

monosaccharides (glucose, fructose, galactose)

These are the simpler sugars resulting from the breakdown of carbohydrates.

Question 11

Triglycerides are broken down into _______.

Answer 11

• Fatty acids
• Glycerol
• Monoglycerides

This breakdown is essential for the absorption of fats.

Question 12

What is the process of absorption in food processing?

Answer 12

The epithelial cells lining portions of the digestive tract absorb the monomers

Most nutrients diffuse into nearby blood vessels and are delivered to other cells to supply energy for cellular respiration.

Question 13

What happens to stored fats during absorption?

Answer 13

Stored fats are absorbed into lymphatic vessels

Cholesterol does not need to be digested first.

Question 14

What is the final step in the food processing process known as defecation?

Answer 14

Undigested food along with bacteria and other wastes are eliminated from the digestive tract as feces

This process is essential for removing waste from the body.

Question 15

What is the function of the Parotid gland?

Answer 15

Salivary gland

The parotid gland is one of the major salivary glands.

Question 16

What is the function of the Submandibular gland?

Answer 16

Salivary gland

The submandibular gland produces saliva and is located beneath the jaw.

Question 17

What is the function of the Sublingual gland?

Answer 17

Salivary gland

The sublingual gland is responsible for saliva production and is located under the tongue.

Question 18

What is the function of the Esophagus?

Answer 18

Transports food from mouth to stomach

The esophagus is a muscular tube that connects the throat to the stomach.

Question 19

What does the Mouth (oral cavity) contain?

Answer 19

• Teeth
• Tongue

The mouth is the entry point for food and plays a role in digestion.

Question 20

What is the function of the Pharynx?

Answer 20

Passageway for food and air

The pharynx connects the mouth and nasal passages to the esophagus.

Question 21

What is the function of the Liver?

Answer 21

Produces bile and processes nutrients

The liver plays a crucial role in digestion and metabolism.

Question 22

What is the function of the Gallbladder?

Answer 22

Stores and concentrates bile

The gallbladder releases bile into the small intestine to aid in digestion.

Question 23

What is the function of the Pancreas?

Answer 23

Produces digestive enzymes and hormones

The pancreas plays a key role in digestion and blood sugar regulation.

Question 24

What are the parts of the small intestine?

Answer 24

• Duodenum
• Jejunum
• Ileum

The small intestine is where most digestion and absorption of nutrients occurs.

Question 25

What are the parts of the **large intestine**?

Answer 25

* Cecum * Appendix * Ascending colon * Transverse colon * Descending colon * Sigmoid colon * Rectum * Anal canal * Anus ## Footnote The large intestine is responsible for water absorption and waste elimination.

Question 26

What is the **digestive tract** also known as?

Answer 26

gut ## Footnote The digestive tract is a long, continuous tube that processes food.

Question 27

What is the primary function of the **mouth** in the digestive process?

Answer 27

Moistens food, initiates mechanical and chemical digestion ## Footnote The mouth is the entry point for food into the digestive system.

Question 28

What is the role of the **pharynx**?

Answer 28

Throat, swallowing, common chamber for air, liquid and food ## Footnote The pharynx connects the mouth to the esophagus.

Question 29

What does the **esophagus** connect to?

Answer 29

Stomach ## Footnote The esophagus is a muscular tube involved in swallowing.

Question 30

What are the main functions of the **stomach**?

Answer 30

Muscular organ with glands involved in mechanical mixing and chemical digestion ## Footnote The stomach plays a crucial role in breaking down food.

Question 31

What are the three parts of the **small intestine**?

Answer 31

* Duodenum * Jejunum * Ileum ## Footnote The small intestine is the site of chemical digestion and is adapted for absorption.

Question 32

What is the function of the **large intestine**?

Answer 32

Feces formation, beneficial bacterial colonies ## Footnote The large intestine includes the cecum, appendix, colon, and rectum.

Question 33

What regulates elimination in the digestive system?

Answer 33

Anus ## Footnote The anus consists of muscular rings that control the expulsion of feces.

Question 34

What is the function of the **tongue** in the digestive system?

Answer 34

Manipulates food for swallowing and speech ## Footnote The tongue is made of skeletal muscle.

Question 35

What role do the **teeth** play in digestion?

Answer 35

Mechanical digestion ## Footnote Teeth break down food into smaller pieces.

Question 36

What do the **salivary glands** produce?

Answer 36

Saliva with digestive enzymes ## Footnote Saliva is emptied into the oral cavity.

Question 37

What is the primary function of the **pancreas**?

Answer 37

Produces many digestive enzymes ## Footnote The pancreas empties its enzymes into the duodenum.

Question 38

What is the function of the **liver** in digestion?

Answer 38

Produces bile to break up large globules of fat ## Footnote The liver also has many metabolic functions.

Question 39

What does the **gall bladder** do?

Answer 39

Stores and concentrates bile ## Footnote Bile is important for fat digestion.

Question 40

What is the **falciform ligament** associated with?

Answer 40

Liver ## Footnote The falciform ligament is a structure that attaches the liver to the anterior abdominal wall.

Question 41

What organ is located beneath the **diaphragm**?

Answer 41

Liver ## Footnote The diaphragm separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity.

Question 42

What are the two lobes of the **liver**?

Answer 42

* Right lobe of liver * Left lobe of liver ## Footnote The liver is divided into two main lobes, each with distinct functions.

Question 43

What duct carries bile from the **right lobe of the liver**?

Answer 43

Right hepatic duct ## Footnote The right hepatic duct drains bile from the right lobe of the liver.

Question 44

What duct carries bile from the **left lobe of the liver**?

Answer 44

Left hepatic duct ## Footnote The left hepatic duct drains bile from the left lobe of the liver.

Question 45

What is formed by the convergence of the **right and left hepatic ducts**?

Answer 45

Common hepatic duct ## Footnote The common hepatic duct transports bile from the liver to the gallbladder and duodenum.

Question 46

What duct connects the gallbladder to the common hepatic duct?

Answer 46

Cystic duct ## Footnote The cystic duct allows bile to flow to and from the gallbladder.

Question 47

What is the **common bile duct** responsible for?

Answer 47

Transporting bile to the duodenum ## Footnote The common bile duct is formed by the union of the cystic duct and the common hepatic duct.

Question 48

What organ is responsible for producing digestive enzymes and hormones?

Answer 48

Pancreas ## Footnote The pancreas plays a crucial role in digestion and blood sugar regulation.

Question 49

What is the function of the **gallbladder**?

Answer 49

Storing bile ## Footnote The gallbladder concentrates and stores bile produced by the liver.

Question 50

What part of the digestive system does the **duodenum** belong to?

Answer 50

Small intestine ## Footnote The duodenum is the first section of the small intestine, where most chemical digestion occurs.

Question 51

What duct carries pancreatic juices to the duodenum?

Answer 51

Pancreatic duct ## Footnote The pancreatic duct transports digestive enzymes from the pancreas to the duodenum.

Question 52

What is the **hepatopancreatic ampulla**?

Answer 52

The junction of the common bile duct and pancreatic duct ## Footnote The hepatopancreatic ampulla allows bile and pancreatic juices to enter the duodenum.