Dietary trace element required for thyroid hormone synthesis; deficiency enlarges thyroid
Iodine
Testosterone
Primary androgen responsible for development of male sexual characteristics.
Principal adrenal medulla catecholamine; acute stress response.
Adrenaline (Epinephrine)
What hormone increases blood calcium by mobilizing calcium from bone and enhancing reabsorption?
Parathormone (PTH)
What posterior pituitary hormone stimulates uterine contractions in labor?
Oxytocin
What promotes breast tissue development and milk secretion?
Prolactin
What gland regulates Ca exchange bone↔blood and raises serum Ca; and what is the hormone associated with the gland?
Parathyroid, parathormone(PTH)
_____ needs idoine, if there is a deficiency the goiter enlarges. Hyperstate of the deficiency often shows irritability and the most common hormone associated with this gland is ______?
Thyroid, thyroxine(T4)
Main function of _____ is blood sugar control?
Pancreatic Islets
What hormones are associated with the Pancreatic Islets?
Insulin and glucagon
_____ principal hormone = adrenaline (emergency “fight or flight”).
Adrenal Medulla
Master gland; location helps with imaging & neuro sx correlation and has multiple tropic hormones.
Pituitary gland (attached to brain)
What gland’s key function is: anatomy clue for imaging
Adrenals (atop kidneys)
3 hormones associated with the Adrenals
Cortisol, aldosterone, and catecholamines
Prolactin develops breast tissue & stimulates milk; what gland is associated with prolactin and FSH.
Anterior Pituitary Gland
Develops primary male sexual characteristics, Testosterone
Male Gonads (Testes)
Thyroid enlarges when iodine is lacking in diet or environment—watch for neck fullness, dysphagia complaints.
Goiter (iodine deficiency)
Muscle spasms/cramps; treated with calcium. Recognize in postsurgical parathyroid cases.
Tetany (hypocalcemia)
Insulin deficiency from destruction of pancreatic β cells; affects urinary (polyuria), endocrine, and circulatory systems over time.
Diabetes Mellitus
Palpitations, tachycardia, cardiomegaly common; patients often report irritability.
Graves’ Disease (hyperthyroidism)
Most commonly due to autoimmune destruction of hormone‑producing cells. Monitor for fatigue, weight changes, hypotension; labs per protocol.
Adrenal Insufficiency (e.g., Addison disease)
Severe hypothyroid state—results from too little thyroid hormone. Note mental slowing, skin changes, facial puffiness.
Myxedema
Overgrowth of cartilaginous & connective tissues from excess growth hormone (usually pituitary). Watch for enlarged hands/feet, jaw.
Acromegaly
__________ assesses pancreatic endocrine function; critical in diabetes workups and medication adjustment.
Blood sugar testing
