Biology > Endocrine System > Flashcards

Endocrine System Flashcards

(50 cards)

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1
Q

What is another name for the endocrine system?

A

Hormonal system

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2
Q

What is the biochemical nature of hormones?

A

Proteins

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3
Q

Define hormone

A

Chemical messenger produced by an endocrine gland transported by the blood to a target organ causing an effect

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4
Q

What is the difference between an endocrine gland and an exocrine gland?

A
  • Endocrine glands are ductless and produce hormones
  • Exocrine glands have ducts
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5
Q

Give some examples of exocrine glands

A
  • Salivary gland
  • Sweat gland
  • Sebaceous gland
  • Mammary gland
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6
Q

What differences are there in hormone action as compared with nerve action?

A
  • The cells involved in hormone action are glands and the cells involved in nervous action are neurons
  • Hormone actions sends chemical messages while nervous action sends electrical impulses
  • Hormones are carried by the blood and nervous signals are carried by neurons
  • Hormone actions sends a message to a target organ and nerve action send a message to a specific cell or tissue
  • Hormone action has a slow speed of transmission and nerve action has a rapid speed of transmission
  • The effects of hormone action can be widespread and the effects of nerve action are localised
  • Hormone action is long lasting and nerve action is usually brief (seconds)
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7
Q

What is the difference between the cells involved in hormone action and nerve action?

A
  • Hormone action: Glands
  • Nerve action: Neurons
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8
Q

What is the difference between the message sent in hormone action and nerve action?

A
  • Hormone action: Chemical
  • Nerve action: Electrical (impulse)
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9
Q

What is the difference between the carriers in hormone action and nerve action?

A
  • Hormone action: Blood
  • Nerve action: Neurons
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10
Q

What is the difference between where the message is sent to in hormone action and nerve action?

A
  • Hormone action: Organ
  • Nerve action: Specific cell or tissue
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11
Q

What is the difference between the speeds of transmission in hormone action and nerve action?

A
  • Hormone action: Slow
  • Nerve action: Rapid
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12
Q

What is the difference between the effects of hormone action and nerve action?

A
  • Hormone action: Can be widespread
  • Nerve action: Localised
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13
Q

What is the difference between the duration of hormone action and nerve action?

A
  • Hormone action: Long lastin
  • Nerve action: Usually brief (seconds)
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14
Q

Draw an outline of the body to show the location of the principal endocrine glands

A
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15
Q

Where are the adrenal glands located?

A

On top of kidneys

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16
Q

What hormone do the adrenal glands secrete?

A

Adrenalin

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17
Q

What is the function of adrenaline?

A

Causes emergency responses (fight or flight)

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18
Q

What is the location of the pituitary gland?

A

Brain

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19
Q

What hormones does the pituitary gland secrete?

A
  • Growth hormone
  • ADH
  • FSH
  • LH
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20
Q

What is the function of the growth hormone?

A
  • Affects growth and development
  • Stimulates protein production
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21
Q

What is the location of the pancreas?

22
Q

What hormone does the pancreas secrete?

23
Q

What does the pancreas secrete?

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Insulin
  • Enzymes
24
Q

What are the functions of insulin?

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Lowers blood sugar levels
  • Stimulates metabolism of glucose, protein, and fat
25
What is the location of the hypothalamus?
Above pituitary
26
What hormones does the hypothalamus secrete?
* Growth hormone releasing factor
27
What is the function of the growth hormone releasing factor?
Causes growth hormone to be made
28
Where is the pineal gland located?
Brain
29
What hormone does the pineal gland secrete?
Melatonin
30
What is the function of melatonin?
Controls body rhythms
31
Where are the parathyroid glands located?
Thyroid
32
What hormone do the parathyroid glands secrete?
Parathyroid hormone (parathormone)
33
What is the function of the parathormone?
* Affects bone formation and excretion of calcium and phosphorus
34
Where is the thyroid located?
On trachea
35
What hormone does the thyroid secrete?
Thyroxine
36
What is the function of thyroxine?
Controls metabolism
37
Where is the thymus located?
Top of chest
38
What hormone does the thymus secrete?
Thymosin
39
What is the function of thymosin?
Matures white blood cells
40
What are the symptoms of a thyroxine deficiency?
* Tired * Weight gain * Goitre
41
What is the correction for a thyroxone deficiency?
* Thyroxine tablets * Iodine
42
What are the symptoms of a thyroxine excess?
* Hunger * Weight loss * Nervousness * Graves disease
43
What is the correction of a thyroxine excess?
Surgically removing some of the thyroid
44
Give examples of hormone supplements
* Insulin * Anabolic steroids * The pill
45
Define feedback
When the level of one hormone controls the other
46
Explain using an example of the negative feedback mechanism
* The hypothalamus of the brain detects a drop in blood temperature. * The hypothalamus stimulates the pituitary to secrete TSH (thyroid-stimulating hormone). * This hormone stimulates the thyroid to increase its secretion of thyroxine. * The higher concentration of thyroxine increases metabolism and heat production increases. * The blood is warmed back to normal temperature. * This will turn off production of TSH
47
Where is insulin made?
Islets of Langerans in the pancreas
48
Where is insulin sent on production?
Liver
49
What does a lack of insulin cause?
Diabetes
50
How can diabetes be controlled?
* Injections * Monitoring carbs
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