Biology > Fungi > Flashcards

Fungi Flashcards

(47 cards)

Study These Flashcards
1
Q

Define budding

A

Dividing by mitosis in unicellular organisms as a form of reproduction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Name a single celled fungus

A

Yeast

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Define sporulation

A

Release of spores

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Disadvantages of asexual reproduction in yeast

A
  • Increased risk of disease
  • Overcrowding
  • More competition
  • No variation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Define hyphae

A

Single strand of fungus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are multi-nucleate spores?

A

Eukaryotic spores in which each nucleus is a haploid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Draw and label a diagram to show the structure of a rhizopus

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Give an example of a poisonous fungus

A

Death cap, destroying angel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Advantages of asexual reproduction in yeast

A
  • Rapid
  • No variation
  • Characteristics maintained
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How does rhizopus get its nutrition?

A
  • Saprophyte of starchy food e.g. bread (also tomatoes, strawberries)
  • Secretes enzymes onto the surface of its substrate which it is rooted to by rhizoids - extracellular digestion
  • Digestion occurs outside fungus - nutrients absorbed
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What triggers sexual reproduction in rhizopus?

A

Unsuitable conditions e.g. dehydration, unsuitable temperature

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How does reproduction occur in yeast?

A
  • Organelles divide
  • Bud forms
  • Organelles move into the new bud
  • New cell detaches or colony forms
  • New cell is genetically identical to the parent due to mitosis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Characteristic of asexual reproduction in yeast

A

Offspring/daughter cell genetically identical

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Define mycelium

A

Visible mass of hyphae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the role of fungi in nature and why is this vital?

A

Decomposer - to recycle nutrients

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Name and explain asexual reproduction in rhizopus

A

Sporulation: Release of spores
* Hyphae grow up out of substrate to form a sporangiophore
* Their tip swells - sporangium - contains cells divided by mitosis to form numerous spores with haploid nuclei
* Base of each sporangium is a wall called a columella. In dry conditions the sporangium dries out and releases spores
* Each spore grows into a new hyphae and mycelium (germinates) if in suitable conditions (suitable substrate)
* The columella surrounds a swollen area called apophysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

How could you identify fungi?

A

Using a key

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is another name for rhizopus?

A

Common bread mould, pin mould

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are advantages of sexual reproduction in rhizopus?

Study These Flashcards
A

Dispersal and survival in unsuitable conditions

20
Q

Give an example of an edible fungus

Study These Flashcards
A

Field mushroom, chestnut mushroom

21
Q

What are some benefits of fungi?

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Used to produce ethanol
  • Used as food such as field mushrooms
22
Q

Draw a labelled diagram of a yeast cell

23
Q

How do fungi get their nutrition?

Study These Flashcards
A

Heterotrophs:
* Parasitic
* Saprophytic

24
Q

Give some structural differences between fungi and plants

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Fungi have cell wall made of chitin and plants have cell wall made of cellulose
  • Fungi have no chloroplast and plants have chloroplast
25
What is the function of the stolon?
Helps rhizopus to spread
26
What is the name for asexual reproduction in yeast?
Budding
27
What are some disadvantages of fungi?
* Cause disease e.g. athlete's foot * Cause food to go off
28
What are cell walls made of in fungi?
Chitin
29
What is the function of the rhizoids?
Anchorage and provide extra surface area for absorption of nutrients (under substrate)
30
Draw a diagram to show sexual reproduction in rhizopus
N/A
31
Describe sexual reproduction in rhizopus
* Opposite strains of hyphae (- and +) grow side by side * Swellings from which then touch * Nuclei (haploids) move into the swellings - progametangia * Cross walls form - gametangia held in place by suspensors * Cross walls (middle) dissolve allowing fertilisation to occur to produce diploid zygote nuclei * A resistant thick wall, zygospore 2n, forms around nuclei and remains dormant until dispersed by wind and land on suitable substrate
32
Describe an experiment to investigate the growth of yeast using agar plates
* Pick/cut leaves e.g. ash/sycamore and put in a lunchbox in an unpolluted area * Wash hands with antiseptic soap * Wash bench with disinfectant e.g. dettol * Sterilise forceps by flaming them * Place a spot of vaseline on the lid of a petri dish of malt agar * Stick a section of a leaf (shiny side up) into the vaseline using forceps. The bunsen burner should be turned on nearby. The petri dish should only be opened slightly. Reflame forceps * Seal the petri dish with tape and label A * Seal on unopened petri dish and label B - using this as a control (acts as a comparison) * Place in an incubator at 25°C for 24hr before inverting * At the end of the experiment sterilise or put the petri dish in an autoclave/pressure cooker/soak in disinfectant to kill any microorganisms
33
In your experiment to investigate the growth of yeast using agar plates why did you place the leaves in a lunchbox after collecting them
So yeast is not rubbed off and to avoid contamination
34
In your experiment to investigate the growth of yeast using agar plates why did you ensure to pick the leaves in an unpolluted area?
Cities with pollution inhibit yeast growth
35
In your experiment to investigate the growth of yeast using agar plates why did you wash your hands with antiseptic soap?
Remove microorganisms from hands
36
What is malt agar?
Nutrient medium that supplies food for microorganisms
37
In your experiment to investigate the growth of yeast using agar plates why did you stick the leaf shiny side up into the vaseline
The underside is where the yeast grows
38
In your experiment to investigate the growth of yeast using agar plates why do you keep the bunsen burner turned on nearby
To kill any microorganisms nearby
39
In your experiment to investigate the growth of yeast using agar plates why do you invert the petri dish after 24 hours?
To prevent build-up of condensation (respiration) and flooding the plate
40
What were the results of your experiment to investigate the growth of yeast using agar plates?
After 1 week pink colonies will grow in dish A and there will be no fungus growth in dish B.
41
Define aseptic techniques
The measure used to exclude unwanted microorganisms
42
Define sterile
Free from all microorganisms
43
Define asepsis
Absence of pathogens
44
Define sterility
Absence of all (micro)organisms
45
Define heterotrophs
Organisms that cannot make their own food
46
Define parasitic
Lives off a live host causing harm
47
Define saprophytic
Lives on dead decaying matter
Biology
flashcards
Decks in class (29)
# Cards
Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2026 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions