CMS - Intro/Certified > Europe > Flashcards

Europe Flashcards

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1
Q

Tokaji comes from which country?

A

Hungary

Tokaji is a renowned wine region known for its sweet wines.

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2
Q

What is Hungary’s most famous sweet wine region?

A

Tokaj

This region is celebrated for its unique wine production methods.

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3
Q

Tokaj sits in which part of Hungary?

A

Northeast

The region’s location contributes to its unique climate and soil.

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4
Q

Tokaji vineyards lie near the confluence of which two rivers?

A
  • Tisza
  • Bodrog

The rivers influence the local climate and viticulture.

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5
Q

Is Tokaj’s autumn climate dry or humid?

A

Humid

The humidity is crucial for the development of noble rot.

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6
Q

Humid autumns in Tokaj encourage what fungus?

A

Noble rot (botrytis)

This fungus is essential for producing sweet wines.

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7
Q

Is Tokaj’s overall climate cool, moderate, or hot?

A

Moderate

The climate supports the growth of various grape varieties.

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8
Q

Tokaj’s soils are mainly of what origin?

A

Volcanic

Volcanic soils contribute to the unique characteristics of Tokaji wines.

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9
Q

Volcanic soils in Tokaj are generally fertile or poor?

A

Poor

Poor soils help limit yields, concentrating flavors in the grapes.

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10
Q

Poor volcanic soils in Tokaj help limit what?

A

Yields

Limiting yields enhances the quality of the wine produced.

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11
Q

The flagship Tokaji grape variety is what?

A

Furmint

Furmint is known for its high acidity and ability to develop noble rot.

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12
Q

Furmint is mainly a red or white grape?

A

White

It is the primary grape used in Tokaji wine production.

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13
Q

Is Furmint early or late ripening?

A

Late

Late ripening allows for the development of complex flavors.

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14
Q

Furmint naturally has high or low acidity?

A

High

The high acidity is a key characteristic of Tokaji wines.

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15
Q

Does Furmint take on noble rot well or poorly?

A

Well

Its susceptibility to noble rot is crucial for sweet wine production.

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16
Q

Second key Tokaji grape used for perfume and richness?

A

Hárslevelű

This grape adds aromatic complexity to Tokaji blends.

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17
Q

Hárslevelű is aromatic or neutral?

A

Aromatic

Its aromatic profile enhances the overall character of the wine.

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18
Q

Muscat grape used in Tokaji blends?

A

Sárgamuskotály

This grape contributes to the fruity and floral notes in the wine.

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19
Q

Name one minor permitted Tokaji grape besides the big three.

A

Zéta

Zéta is one of the lesser-known varieties used in Tokaji production.

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20
Q

Another minor Tokaji grape besides Zéta?

A

Kabar

Kabar is also permitted in Tokaji blends.

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21
Q

Traditional Tokaji sweet wine style from aszú berries?

A

Tokaji Aszú

This style is renowned for its sweetness and complexity.

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22
Q

Botrytised berries used in Tokaji are called what?

A

Aszú berries

These berries are essential for producing the signature sweet wines.

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23
Q

Aszú berries are picked individually or in bunches?

A

Individually

Individual picking ensures the selection of only the best botrytised berries.

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24
Q

In modern practice, Aszú berries macerate in what?

A

Must or wine

This process helps extract flavors and sugars from the berries.

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25
Aszú berries are soaked with base must/wine for roughly how long?
12–60 hours ## Footnote The soaking time can vary based on desired sweetness and flavor concentration.
26
After maceration, the Tokaji Aszú mixture is what?
Pressed ## Footnote Pressing separates the liquid from the solid components.
27
Tokaji Aszú ferments slowly due to what?
High sugar ## Footnote The high sugar content results in a prolonged fermentation process.
28
Tokaji Aszú traditionally ages in what type of **vessel**?
Small oak casks ## Footnote Aging in oak adds complexity and depth to the wine.
29
Tokaji Aszú is typically **dry** or **sweet**?
Sweet ## Footnote The sweetness is a hallmark of Tokaji Aszú wines.
30
Acid level in Tokaji Aszú is generally **high** or **low**?
High ## Footnote High acidity balances the sweetness of the wine.
31
Free run juice from aszú berries alone is called what?
Eszencia ## Footnote Eszencia is a highly concentrated and sweet wine.
32
Is Eszencia **pressed** or **gravity drained**?
Gravity drained ## Footnote Gravity draining preserves the delicate flavors of the juice.
33
Typical sugar level in Tokaji Eszencia: **low** or **extremely high**?
Extremely high ## Footnote The high sugar content makes Eszencia very sweet.
34
Approximate **alcohol range** for Eszencia wines?
2–5% abv ## Footnote The low alcohol content is due to the high sugar levels.
35
Eszencia is more like **wine** or **syrup**?
Syrup ## Footnote Its viscosity and sweetness resemble syrup more than traditional wine.
36
Tokaji wine made from mixed bunches with and without **botrytis**?
Szamorodni ## Footnote Szamorodni can vary in sweetness depending on the grapes used.
37
Szamorodni can be **dry** or **sweet**?
Both ## Footnote The style allows for a range of sweetness levels.
38
Hungarian term for **dry Szamorodni**?
Száraz ## Footnote Szamorodni refers to a style of Tokaji wine made from grapes that are harvested in a mixed state of ripeness.
39
Hungarian term for **sweet Szamorodni**?
Édes ## Footnote This term indicates the sweetness level of the Szamorodni wine.
40
Is Szamorodni generally **less or more concentrated** than Aszú?
Less ## Footnote Aszú wines are known for their higher concentration due to the use of botrytized grapes.
41
Traditional unit once used to measure **Aszú sweetness**?
Puttonyos ## Footnote The puttonyos system indicated the number of puttony (baskets) of botrytized grapes added to a certain volume of base wine.
42
Today Tokaji Aszú is mainly classified by what instead of **puttonyos**?
Residual sugar ## Footnote This classification reflects the actual sugar content in the wine, providing a clearer indication of sweetness.
43
A classic flavour profile in Tokaji Aszú: honey, apricot, and what **fungus note**?
Botrytis ## Footnote Botrytis cinerea, or noble rot, is crucial for the development of the unique flavors in Tokaji Aszú.
44
Key structural hallmark of Tokaji sweet wines besides **sugar**?
High acidity ## Footnote The balance of high acidity with sweetness is essential for the overall structure and longevity of the wine.
45
Are **dry Furmint wines** now common in Tokaj?
Yes ## Footnote The trend towards dry styles has gained popularity, showcasing the versatility of the Furmint grape.
46
Dry Furmint from Tokaj is often fermented and aged in what?
Oak ## Footnote Oak aging can add complexity and depth to the flavor profile of dry Furmint wines.
47
Dry Tokaji Furmint is typically **high or low acid**?
High ## Footnote The high acidity in Furmint wines contributes to their refreshing character and aging potential.
48
Dry Tokaji Furmint flavour profile: citrus and what **mineral note**?
Flint/mineral ## Footnote The mineral notes enhance the complexity and reflect the terroir of the Tokaj region.
49
Kékfrankos in Hungary is more widely known elsewhere as what?
Blaufränkisch ## Footnote This grape variety is recognized for producing high-quality red wines in various regions.
50
Kadarka in Hungary is what **colour grape**?
Red ## Footnote Kadarka is known for its light-bodied red wines with fruity and spicy characteristics.
51
Where is **Furmint** primarily grown?
Tokaj ## Footnote Tokaj is renowned for its unique terroir, which is ideal for growing Furmint grapes.
52
Where is **Hárslevelű** primarily grown?
Tokaj ## Footnote Hárslevelű is often blended with Furmint to enhance the aromatic profile of Tokaji wines.
53
**Sárgamuskotály** belongs to which grape family?
Muscat ## Footnote This grape variety is known for its aromatic qualities and is often used in sweet wines.
54
Furmint is also planted in which other Hungarian region besides **Tokaj**?
Somló ## Footnote Somló is another region known for its volcanic soils, which influence the character of the wines.
55
Is **Tokaji Eszencia** common or very rare?
Very rare ## Footnote Tokaji Eszencia is made from the free-run juice of botrytized grapes and is extremely limited in production.
56
Is **wine style** more important than brand for CMS Tokaji questions?
Style ## Footnote Understanding the style of Tokaji wines is crucial for proper evaluation and appreciation.
57
Principal sweet wine of Tokaj made from **botrytised berries**?
Tokaji Aszú ## Footnote This wine is celebrated for its rich flavors and complexity derived from botrytis-affected grapes.
58
Strongest structural balance in Tokaji wines is between **sugar** and what?
Acidity ## Footnote The interplay between sugar and acidity is vital for the harmony and aging potential of the wines.
59
Hungary is in which part of **Europe**?
Central/Eastern ## Footnote Hungary's geographical location influences its climate and viticulture.
60
The country directly east of Hungary with many **native grapes**?
Romania ## Footnote Romania has a rich viticultural heritage with numerous indigenous grape varieties.
61
Country south of Romania with **Thracian Valley** and **Mavrud**?
Bulgaria ## Footnote Bulgaria is known for its diverse wine regions and grape varieties, including Mavrud.
62
Is Bulgarian climate generally more **continental or maritime**?
Continental ## Footnote The continental climate contributes to the distinct characteristics of Bulgarian wines.
63
Bulgaria’s north borders which major **river**?
Danube ## Footnote The Danube River plays a significant role in the climate and agriculture of the region.
64
Bulgarian region north of **Balkan Mountains**?
Danubian Plain ## Footnote This region is known for its fertile soils and is suitable for various crops and vineyards.
65
Bulgarian region along the **eastern coastline**?
Black Sea region ## Footnote The Black Sea region is known for its warm climate and is a popular area for wine production.
66
Bulgarian region in **south central lowlands**?
Thracian Valley ## Footnote The Thracian Valley is recognized for its red wine production and favorable growing conditions.
67
Bulgarian region in the southwest near **Greece**?
Struma Valley ## Footnote This region is known for its diverse grape varieties and unique terroir.
68
Bulgarian region in central valley famous for **roses**?
Rose Valley ## Footnote The Rose Valley is renowned for its rose oil production and has a favorable climate for vineyards.
69
Danubian Plain is in **north or south Bulgaria**?
North ## Footnote The Danubian Plain is characterized by its flat terrain and fertile agricultural land.
70
Thracian Valley is in **north or south Bulgaria**?
South ## Footnote The Thracian Valley benefits from a warmer climate, ideal for red wine production.
71
Black Sea region is in **east or west Bulgaria**?
East ## Footnote The Black Sea region's coastal climate supports a variety of grape growing.
72
Struma Valley is in **east or southwest Bulgaria**?
Southwest ## Footnote The Struma Valley is known for its unique microclimates and diverse grape varieties.
73
Traditional Bulgarian **red variety** from Thracian Valley?
Mavrud ## Footnote Mavrud is a native grape variety known for producing rich and full-bodied red wines.
74
Traditional Bulgarian **coastal white variety**?
Dimyat ## Footnote Dimyat is known for its fresh and aromatic white wines, often enjoyed young.
75
Traditional Bulgarian **red variety** from Struma Valley?
Melnik ## Footnote Melnik is a traditional Bulgarian red grape variety known for its unique characteristics.
76
Traditional Bulgarian **red grape** now declining in use?
Pamid ## Footnote Pamid is a lesser-used red grape variety in Bulgaria.
77
Bulgaria is now heavily planted to which two **French red grapes**?
* Cabernet * Merlot ## Footnote These varieties have become popular in Bulgarian vineyards.
78
Bulgarian international **white variety** commonly planted?
Chardonnay ## Footnote Chardonnay is a widely cultivated white grape variety in Bulgaria.
79
General style of **Thracian Valley reds**: light or full?
Full ## Footnote The reds from the Thracian Valley are known for their full-bodied style.
80
Black Sea region tends to favour **whites or reds**?
Whites ## Footnote The climate and conditions in the Black Sea region are more suitable for white wines.
81
Danubian Plain produces more **red or white**?
Both (mixed) ## Footnote The Danubian Plain is known for producing a variety of both red and white wines.
82
Romania’s climate is largely what type?
Continental ## Footnote The continental climate influences the grape varieties and wine styles in Romania.
83
Romania’s eastern border is partly along which **sea**?
Black Sea ## Footnote The Black Sea plays a significant role in Romania's climate and viticulture.
84
Major Romanian region in the **northeast hills**?
Moldovan Hills (Dealurile Moldovei) ## Footnote This region is known for its wine production and unique terroir.
85
Major Romanian region in **southeast** near Black Sea?
Dobrogea Hills (Colinele Dobrogei) ## Footnote Dobrogea is recognized for its favorable conditions for viticulture.
86
Major Romanian region in **south central hills**?
Muntenia/Oltenia Hills ## Footnote This area is known for producing quality wines, particularly reds.
87
Major Romanian region in the **southwest**?
Banat Hills ## Footnote The Banat region is notable for its diverse wine styles.
88
Major Romanian **plateau region** in centre?
Transylvanian Plateau ## Footnote The Transylvanian Plateau is significant for its wine production.
89
Famous sweet wine area in **Moldovan Hills**?
Cotnari ## Footnote Cotnari is renowned for its sweet wines, particularly made from Fetească grapes.
90
Well known quality **red area** in Muntenia/Oltenia?
Dealu Mare ## Footnote Dealu Mare is famous for its high-quality red wines.
91
Native Romanian **white grape**, widely planted, “maiden” name?
Fetească Albă ## Footnote Fetească Albă is a prominent white grape variety in Romania.
92
Native Romanian **white grape** “royal maiden”?
Fetească Regală ## Footnote Fetească Regală is known for its quality and aromatic profile.
93
Native Romanian **red grape** “black maiden”?
Fetească Neagră ## Footnote Fetească Neagră is a key red grape variety in Romania.
94
Native Romanian **white grape** used for sweet Cotnari wines?
Grasă de Cotnari ## Footnote Grasă de Cotnari is essential for producing the region's sweet wines.
95
Native Romanian **red variety** historically important, name meaning “old woman”?
Băbească Neagră ## Footnote Băbească Neagră has historical significance in Romanian viticulture.
96
Are international grapes like **Cabernet** planted in Romania?
Yes ## Footnote International varieties have been integrated into Romanian vineyards.
97
Romanian **Fetească Neagră** wines are typically red or white?
Red ## Footnote Fetească Neagră is primarily used for red wine production.
98
Romanian **Fetească Albă** wines are typically dry or sweet?
Both (mostly dry) ## Footnote Fetească Albă can produce both dry and sweet wines.
99
Romanian **Fetească Regală** wines are usually aromatic or neutral?
Lightly aromatic ## Footnote Fetească Regală is known for its subtle aromatic qualities.
100
At CMS level, key Romanian **native grape trio**?
* Fetească Albă * Fetească Regală * Fetească Neagră ## Footnote These three grapes are essential to Romanian wine identity.
101
Tokaji Aszú key **grape**?
Furmint ## Footnote Furmint is the primary grape used in Tokaji Aszú wines.
102
Tokaji Aszú supporting **aromatic grape**?
Hárslevelű ## Footnote Hárslevelű adds complexity and aroma to Tokaji wines.
103
Tokaji Aszú typical **residual sugar**: low or high?
High ## Footnote Tokaji Aszú is known for its high levels of residual sugar.
104
Tokaji Aszú sweetness historically indicated by what **word**?
Puttonyos ## Footnote The term *puttonyos* refers to the sweetness level in Tokaji wines.
105
Free run aszú juice special **bottling**?
Eszencia ## Footnote Eszencia is a highly concentrated sweet wine made from free-run juice.
106
Tokaji Szamorodni uses **whole bunches or individual berries**?
Whole bunches ## Footnote Tokaji Szamorodni is produced using whole bunches of grapes.
107
Country of origin for **Mavrud grape**?
Bulgaria ## Footnote Mavrud is a native grape variety known for its rich flavors.
108
Country of origin for **Melnik grape**?
Bulgaria ## Footnote Melnik is another traditional Bulgarian grape variety.
109
Country of origin for **Dimyat grape**?
Bulgaria ## Footnote Dimyat is a lesser-known Bulgarian white grape variety.
110
Country most associated with **Fetească grapes**?
Romania ## Footnote Fetească grapes are integral to Romanian winemaking.
111
Country most associated with **Furmint and Hárslevelű**?
Hungary ## Footnote These grapes are key to Hungary's famous Tokaji wines.
112
Country most associated with **Tokaji Aszú**?
Hungary ## Footnote Tokaji Aszú is a renowned sweet wine from Hungary, particularly famous for its unique production methods.
113
Country most associated with **Cotnari sweet wines**?
Romania ## Footnote Cotnari is a historic wine region in Romania known for its sweet white wines.
114
Country most associated with **Thracian Valley reds**?
Bulgaria ## Footnote The Thracian Valley is a prominent wine region in Bulgaria, recognized for its red wine production.
115
**Tokaji** is in which border region with Slovakia?
Tokaj Hegyalja ## Footnote This region is known for its vineyards and the production of Tokaji wines.
116
**Tokaji Eszencia** is primarily sold in standard bottles or tiny bottles?
Tiny bottles ## Footnote Tokaji Eszencia is a rare and highly concentrated sweet wine, often sold in smaller formats.
117
**Tokaji Eszencia** is best described as what: table wine or nectar?
Nectar ## Footnote Tokaji Eszencia is considered one of the sweetest and most luxurious wines in the world.
118
Ageing potential of classic **Tokaji Aszú**: short or very long?
Very long ## Footnote Tokaji Aszú wines are known for their exceptional ageing potential, often improving over decades.
119
**Furmint** structure: high acid with what kind of body?
Medium full ## Footnote Furmint is a key grape variety in Tokaji wines, contributing to their balance and complexity.
120
**Hárslevelű** adds what to **Furmint** based blends?
Aroma and richness ## Footnote Hárslevelű complements Furmint in blends, enhancing the overall flavor profile.
121
**Sárgamuskotály** contributes what character?
Floral/aromatic ## Footnote This grape variety is known for its fragrant and aromatic qualities in wine blends.
122
**Mavrud** wines are generally light or full bodied?
Full bodied ## Footnote Mavrud is a native Bulgarian grape known for producing rich and robust red wines.
123
**Melnik** wines are typically red or white?
Red ## Footnote Melnik wines are primarily red and are known for their unique flavor profiles.
124
**Dimyat** wines are typically white or red?
White ## Footnote Dimyat is a white grape variety commonly grown in Bulgaria, producing fresh and fruity wines.
125
**Grasă de Cotnari** wines are typically dry or sweet?
Sweet ## Footnote Grasă de Cotnari is known for its sweet wines, often enjoyed as dessert wines.
126
**Fetească Neagră** style: light, medium, or full bodied?
Medium to full ## Footnote Fetească Neagră is a prominent Romanian red grape variety known for its depth and complexity.
127
Bulgaria’s **Black Sea region** prefers more whites or reds?
Whites ## Footnote The Black Sea region is known for its favorable climate for white wine production.
128
Bulgaria’s **Thracian Valley** focus: whites or reds?
Reds ## Footnote The Thracian Valley is recognized for its high-quality red wines.
129
Romania’s **Dealu Mare** region is known especially for which colour wines?
Red ## Footnote Dealu Mare is a key wine region in Romania, famous for its red wine production.
130
Romania’s **Cotnari** area primarily produces what style?
Sweet whites ## Footnote Cotnari is particularly known for its sweet white wines, often made from indigenous grape varieties.
131
At CMS, which **Hungarian region** should you link immediately to botrytised sweet wine?
Tokaj ## Footnote Tokaj is renowned for its botrytised wines, particularly Tokaji Aszú.
132
At CMS, which **Hungarian grape** is crucial for Tokaji?
Furmint ## Footnote Furmint is the primary grape variety used in the production of Tokaji wines.
133
At CMS, which **Bulgarian variety** should you recall as a flagship red?
Mavrud ## Footnote Mavrud is considered a signature grape variety of Bulgaria, known for its quality red wines.
134
At CMS, which **Romanian region** name might appear in theory for sweet wine?
Cotnari ## Footnote Cotnari is historically significant for its production of sweet wines.
135
At CMS, which **Romanian red grape** stands out as important quality native?
Fetească Neagră ## Footnote Fetească Neagră is a notable indigenous grape variety in Romania, recognized for its quality.
136
Do **Eastern European regions** rely heavily on international grapes?
Yes ## Footnote Many Eastern European wine regions incorporate international grape varieties in their production.
137
Do **Eastern European quality wines** also showcase indigenous grapes?
Yes ## Footnote Indigenous grape varieties are often highlighted in the quality wines of Eastern Europe.
138
Are **Eastern European climates** generally cooler or warmer than classic French regions?
Continental/varied (often continental) ## Footnote The climate in Eastern Europe can vary significantly, often being more continental than that of classic French regions.
139
Hungarian red grape **Kékfrankos** is identical to what Austrian grape name?
Blaufränkisch ## Footnote Kékfrankos and Blaufränkisch refer to the same grape variety, known for its quality red wines.
140
Romanian **Băbească Neagră** is mainly a red or white variety?
Red ## Footnote Băbească Neagră is a traditional Romanian red grape variety known for its unique characteristics.
141
**Tokaji’s noble rot** is promoted by morning mists from which river pair?
Tisza and Bodrog ## Footnote These rivers create the ideal conditions for the development of noble rot in Tokaji vineyards.
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