1
Q
Is Greece generally a cool or warm climate wine country?
A
Warm
Greece is known for its warm climate, which is conducive to grape growing.
2
Q
What is the dominant climate type in Greece?
A
Mediterranean
The Mediterranean climate is characterized by hot, dry summers and mild, wet winters.
3
Q
Do most Greek vineyards lie near sea or far inland?
A
Near sea
Proximity to the sea helps moderate temperatures and provides beneficial breezes.
4
Q
What moderates heat in many Greek coastal vineyards?
A
Sea breezes
Sea breezes help to cool the vineyards and reduce temperature extremes.
5
Q
What natural feature helps cool highland vineyards in Greece?
A
Altitude
Higher elevations typically experience cooler temperatures, which can enhance grape quality.
6
Q
Does altitude in Greece generally increase or decrease acidity?
A
Increase
Higher altitudes often lead to grapes with higher acidity levels.
7
Q
Are summers in much of Greece dry or wet?
A
Dry
The dry summers are a significant characteristic of the Mediterranean climate.
8
Q
Do strong winds help reduce disease or increase it?
A
Reduce
Strong winds can help to dry out vines and reduce the risk of fungal diseases.
9
Q
Are the Aegean islands generally cooler or hotter than northern mainland?
A
Hotter
The islands often experience warmer temperatures due to their geographical location.
10
Q
What is the main climate challenge on islands like Santorini?
A
Drought
Limited water resources can create significant challenges for viticulture.
11
Q
The southern Peloponnese tends to be cooler or warmer than Macedonia?
A
Warmer
The southern regions generally have a hotter climate compared to northern areas.
12
Q
What type of soils dominate Santorini?
A
Volcanic
Volcanic soils are known for their unique mineral content and drainage properties.
13
Q
Do volcanic soils on Santorini store much water or very little?
A
Very little
The drainage characteristics of volcanic soils lead to low water retention.
14
Q
What vine training system protects Santorini vines from wind?
A
Kouloura
The Kouloura system involves training vines in a circular shape to shield them from harsh winds.
15
Q
Are Naoussa vineyards typically low or high altitude?
A
High
Naoussa is known for its elevated vineyards, which contribute to the quality of its wines.
16
Q
Does Naoussa have more continental or maritime influence?
A
Continental
The continental climate influences the grape growing conditions in Naoussa.
17
Q
Are most Greek whites high or low in acidity?
A
High
High acidity is a common characteristic of many Greek white wines.
18
Q
Are Greek reds from hot areas generally lighter or fuller?
A
Fuller
Warmer climates tend to produce richer, fuller-bodied red wines.
19
Q
Greece uses which top EU category abbreviation for quality wines?
A
PDO
PDO stands for Protected Designation of Origin, indicating high-quality wines.
20
Q
What is the main EU regional wine category in Greece?
A
PGI
PGI stands for Protected Geographical Indication, a category for quality wines.
21
Q
PDO in Greece broadly corresponds to which old national terms?
A
OPAP/OPE
These terms were historically used to classify quality wines in Greece.
22
Q
Is PDO higher or lower than PGI in the hierarchy?
A
Higher
PDO represents a stricter classification than PGI.
23
Q
Are PDO rules generally stricter or looser than PGI?
A
Stricter
PDO regulations impose more stringent requirements on wine production.
24
Q
Are grape varieties and yields more controlled in PDO or PGI?
A
PDO
PDO regulations include specific controls over grape varieties and yield limits.
25
Is single region identity more important for **PDO or PGI**?
PDO
## Footnote
PDO wines must originate from a specific region, emphasizing their local identity.
26
In English, what does **PDO** stand for?
Protected Designation of Origin
## Footnote
This designation ensures the quality and origin of the wine.
27
In English, what does **PGI** stand for?
Protected Geographical Indication
## Footnote
PGI indicates that the wine comes from a specific geographical area.
28
Which Greek **PDO term** historically covered dry wines?
OPAP
## Footnote
OPAP was used for dry wines under the PDO classification.
29
Which Greek **PDO term** historically covered sweet wines?
OPE
## Footnote
OPE was designated for sweet wines in the PDO classification.
30
Can a PGI wine list **grape variety** on the label?
Yes
## Footnote
PGI wines are allowed to specify grape varieties on their labels.
31
Are many modern Greek “**varietal**” wines PDO or PGI?
PGI
## Footnote
Many contemporary varietal wines fall under the PGI category.
32
Which broad region contains **Naoussa and Slopes of Meliton**?
Macedonia
## Footnote
This region is known for its quality wine production.
33
Which peninsula contains **Nemea, Mantinia, and Patras**?
Peloponnese
## Footnote
The Peloponnese is a significant wine-producing area in Greece.
34
Which sea surrounds **Samos and Santorini**?
Aegean
## Footnote
The Aegean Sea is crucial for the climate and viticulture of these islands.
35
Santorini sits in which part of the **Aegean**?
Southern
## Footnote
Santorini is located in the southern region of the Aegean Sea.
36
Samos lies closer to **mainland Greece or Turkey**?
Turkey
## Footnote
Samos is situated near the coast of Turkey.
37
Patras is a port city in which part of **Peloponnese**?
Northwest
## Footnote
Patras serves as a significant port in the northwestern area of the Peloponnese.
38
Mantinia is located on lowland or **upland plateau**?
Upland plateau
## Footnote
Mantinia is known for its high elevation and unique terroir.
39
Nemea lies in which part of the **Peloponnese**?
Northeast
## Footnote
Nemea is famous for its red wine production, particularly Agiorgitiko.
40
Naoussa lies in which part of **mainland Greece**?
Northern
## Footnote
Naoussa is recognized for its high-quality red wines made from Xinomavro.
41
Slopes of Meliton is on which Greek **peninsula**?
Halkidiki
## Footnote
This region is known for its diverse wine production and beautiful landscapes.
42
Naoussa PDO is based on which **grape**?
Xinomavro
## Footnote
Xinomavro is a key varietal in the Naoussa region, known for its aging potential.
43
Nemea PDO is based on which **grape**?
Agiorgitiko
## Footnote
Agiorgitiko is celebrated for its rich flavors and versatility.
44
Mantinia PDO is based on which **grape**?
Moschofilero
## Footnote
Moschofilero is known for its aromatic and floral characteristics.
45
Santorini PDO dry wines are based mainly on which **grape**?
Assyrtiko
## Footnote
Assyrtiko is highly regarded for its acidity and mineral qualities.
46
Samos PDO sweet wines are based on which **grape family**?
Muscat
## Footnote
Muscat grapes are known for their aromatic sweetness, ideal for dessert wines.
47
Patras PDO white wines often use which **varietal**?
Roditis
## Footnote
Roditis is a common grape in the Patras region, contributing to its fresh white wines.
48
Patras sweet red wines use which **grape**?
Mavrodaphne
## Footnote
Mavrodaphne is known for its rich, sweet dessert wines.
49
Slopes of Meliton uses which type of grapes: **indigenous only** or **mixed**?
Mixed
## Footnote
This approach allows for a variety of flavors and styles in the wines produced.
50
Greece’s flagship white grape, especially on **Santorini**?
Assyrtiko
## Footnote
Assyrtiko is praised for its ability to reflect the terroir of Santorini.
51
Greece’s best known red grape in the **north**?
Xinomavro
## Footnote
Xinomavro is often compared to Barolo for its complexity and aging potential.
52
Greece’s best known red grape in **Nemea**?
Agiorgitiko
## Footnote
Agiorgitiko is versatile, producing wines from light to full-bodied styles.
53
Aromatic pink skinned white grape of **Mantinia**?
Moschofilero
## Footnote
Moschofilero is celebrated for its floral and citrus notes.
54
Common mainland white grape used in **Patras** and PGI blends?
Roditis
## Footnote
Roditis contributes to the freshness and acidity of the wines.
55
Sweet red grape used for **Patras dessert wines**?
Mavrodaphne
## Footnote
Mavrodaphne is integral to the sweet wine tradition in Patras.
56
Island region sweet wines are often based on which **aromatic white**?
Muscat
## Footnote
Muscat is known for its intense aromas and sweetness in dessert wines.
57
Xinomavro literal translation in **English**?
Acid black
## Footnote
This name reflects the grape's high acidity and dark color.
58
Xinomavro is usually high or low in **tannin**?
High
## Footnote
The high tannin levels contribute to the wine's aging potential.
59
Xinomavro is usually high or low in **acidity**?
High
## Footnote
The acidity is a key feature that enhances the wine's structure.
60
Agiorgitiko roughly translates to what?
St. George’s grape
## Footnote
This name is associated with the grape's origins and cultural significance.
61
Agiorgitiko tends toward lighter or **fuller body**?
Fuller
## Footnote
The fuller body makes it suitable for various wine styles.
62
Agiorgitiko tannins are typically firm or **soft**?
Soft
## Footnote
The soft tannins make Agiorgitiko approachable and versatile.
63
Moschofilero flavours are more **floral** or earthy?
Floral
## Footnote
The floral notes are a hallmark of Moschofilero wines.
64
Assyrtiko wines are usually high or low **acid**?
High
## Footnote
The high acidity is a defining characteristic of Assyrtiko.
65
Assyrtiko on Santorini is typically **dry** or sweet?
Dry
## Footnote
The dry style highlights the mineral qualities of the terroir.
66
Assyrtiko on Santorini often shows what **mineral character**?
Saline
## Footnote
The saline character is influenced by the island's volcanic soil.
67
Roditis is red skinned or **white skinned**?
Pink skinned
## Footnote
The pink skin contributes to its unique flavor profile.
68
Mavrodaphne wines are generally **dry** or sweet?
Sweet
## Footnote
Mavrodaphne is primarily used for producing sweet dessert wines.
69
Muscat wines from Samos are generally **dry** or sweet?
Sweet
## Footnote
The sweetness is a characteristic feature of Muscat wines from Samos.
70
Naoussa PDO makes what **colour** wines?
Red
## Footnote
Naoussa is known for its robust red wines made from Xinomavro.
71
Naoussa PDO wine style is light and simple or **structured and age worthy**?
Structured and age worthy
## Footnote
The wines are known for their complexity and aging potential.
72
Naoussa is often compared to which Italian **Nebbiolo** regions stylistically?
Barolo/Barbaresco
## Footnote
This comparison highlights the quality and style of Naoussa wines.
73
Nemea PDO wines are what **colour**?
Red
## Footnote
Nemea is recognized for its rich and flavorful red wines.
74
Nemea wines usually have what body: **light**, medium, or full?
Medium to full
## Footnote
The body contributes to the wine's richness and depth.
75
Mantinia PDO makes what **colour wines** primarily?
White
## Footnote
Mantinia PDO is known for its white wine production.
76
Mantinia wines are typically **still or sparkling**?
Still (with some sparkling)
## Footnote
Most Mantinia wines are still, but some may have sparkling variations.
77
Mantinia wines are **aromatic or neutral**?
Aromatic
## Footnote
The wines from Mantinia are known for their aromatic qualities.
78
Patras PDO (dry white) is typically made from which **grape**?
Roditis
## Footnote
Roditis is the primary grape used in Patras PDO dry white wines.
79
Patras Mavrodaphne PDO produces mainly what **style**?
Sweet red
## Footnote
Patras Mavrodaphne PDO is known for its sweet red wines.
80
Samos PDO is primarily known for what **style of wine**?
Sweet Muscat
## Footnote
Samos PDO specializes in sweet Muscat wines.
81
Santorini PDO is primarily known for what **style of wine**?
Dry Assyrtiko
## Footnote
The main wine style from Santorini PDO is dry Assyrtiko.
82
Basket trained vines protecting grapes from wind on Santorini are called what?
Kouloura
## Footnote
Kouloura is a traditional vine training method used in Santorini.
83
Are Santorini soils **fertile or poor**?
Poor
## Footnote
Santorini's volcanic soils are considered poor in nutrients.
84
Do Santorini vines generally suffer from **phylloxera**?
No
## Footnote
The unique soil conditions on Santorini prevent phylloxera infestation.
85
Why has phylloxera not taken hold on Santorini?
Volcanic sandy soils
## Footnote
The volcanic sandy soils of Santorini are inhospitable to phylloxera.
86
Are Santorini vines often **own rooted or grafted**?
Own rooted
## Footnote
Many Santorini vines are grown on their own roots.
87
Samos has what kind of terrain: **flat plains or hills**?
Hills
## Footnote
The terrain of Samos is characterized by hilly landscapes.
88
Do Samos vineyards often face the **sea or inland**?
Sea
## Footnote
Samos vineyards are typically oriented towards the sea.
89
Is muscat from Samos usually **fortified or naturally sweet**?
Both styles exist
## Footnote
Samos produces both fortified and naturally sweet Muscat wines.
90
Naoussa is in which major **northern Greek region**?
Macedonia
## Footnote
Naoussa is located in the region of Macedonia.
91
Slopes of Meliton is also in which major **northern region**?
Macedonia
## Footnote
The Slopes of Meliton are part of the Macedonia region.
92
Nemea and Mantinia lie in which **peninsula**?
Peloponnese
## Footnote
Both Nemea and Mantinia are located in the Peloponnese peninsula.
93
Patras lies in which **Greek peninsula**?
Peloponnese
## Footnote
Patras is also situated in the Peloponnese peninsula.
94
Samos lies in which **island group**?
North Aegean
## Footnote
Samos is part of the North Aegean island group.
95
Santorini lies in which **island group**?
Cyclades
## Footnote
Santorini is located in the Cyclades island group.
96
PDO Naoussa is restricted to which **grape**?
Xinomavro
## Footnote
Xinomavro is the exclusive grape for PDO Naoussa.
97
PDO Nemea is restricted to which **grape**?
Agiorgitiko
## Footnote
Agiorgitiko is the primary grape used in PDO Nemea.
98
PDO Mantinia is restricted mainly to which **grape**?
Moschofilero
## Footnote
Moschofilero is the main grape variety for PDO Mantinia.
99
PDO Santorini dry wines must be predominantly which **grape**?
Assyrtiko
## Footnote
Assyrtiko is the predominant grape in PDO Santorini dry wines.
100
PDO Samos wines are based on which **Muscat type**?
Muscat of Samos (Muscat Blanc)
## Footnote
Muscat of Samos is the key variety for PDO Samos wines.
101
PDO Patras dry whites are mainly based on which **grape**?
Roditis
## Footnote
Roditis is the primary grape for PDO Patras dry white wines.
102
Mavrodaphne of Patras PDO produces what type of **wine**?
Sweet red
## Footnote
Mavrodaphne of Patras PDO is known for its sweet red wine.
103
Greece mainly uses which **alphabet** on labels?
Greek
## Footnote
The Greek alphabet is standard on wine labels in Greece.
104
On Greek labels, “Ξινόμαυρο” corresponds to which **grape**?
Xinomavro
## Footnote
Xinomavro is a key grape variety in Greek viticulture.
105
On Greek labels, “Αγιωργίτικο” corresponds to which **grape**?
Agiorgitiko
## Footnote
Agiorgitiko is another important grape variety in Greece.
106
On Greek labels, “Ασύρτικο” corresponds to which **grape**?
Assyrtiko
## Footnote
Assyrtiko is a prominent grape variety in Greek wines.
107
On Greek labels, “Μοσχοφίλερο” corresponds to which **grape**?
Moschofilero
## Footnote
Moschofilero is known for its aromatic white wines.
108
PDO wines in Greece must state what on the **label**?
Origin
## Footnote
The origin of the wine must be clearly indicated on PDO labels.
109
PGI wines in Greece must at least state what?
Geographical area
## Footnote
PGI wines require the geographical area to be mentioned on the label.
110
PDO wines can be **single varietal or blends**?
Both
## Footnote
PDO wines in Greece can be made from a single grape variety or blends.
111
Most Greek PDOs are defined by **grape, region, or both**?
Both
## Footnote
Greek PDOs are typically defined by both grape variety and region.
112
Greek dessert wines may be sun dried, botrytised, or which **third technique**?
Fortified
## Footnote
Fortification is a common method used in producing Greek dessert wines.
113
Samos sweet wines often use which **concentration method**?
Sun drying
## Footnote
This method enhances the sweetness and flavor concentration of the wines.
114
Santorini dessert wines may use which **concentration method**?
Sun drying
## Footnote
Similar to Samos, this method is used to intensify the sweetness.
115
Dessert Muscat from Samos is typically **still or sparkling**?
Still
## Footnote
This style is common for dessert wines from the region.
116
Are Samos sweet Muscats generally **fortified or unfortified**?
Both styles exist
## Footnote
This variety allows for different flavor profiles and alcohol levels.
117
Wines from Santorini made from dried grapes are **dry or sweet**?
Sweet
## Footnote
The drying process contributes to the sweetness of the wines.
118
Do Greek dessert wines usually retain **high or low acidity**?
High
## Footnote
This acidity helps balance the sweetness in dessert wines.
119
Naoussa wines often show which **savoury note**: olive or banana?
Olive
## Footnote
This characteristic is typical of wines from the Naoussa region.
120
Xinomavro wines can show aromas similar to which **Italian grape**?
Nebbiolo
## Footnote
This similarity contributes to their complexity and aging potential.
121
Agiorgitiko wines often show what **red fruit**: cherry or gooseberry?
Cherry
## Footnote
This fruit note is a hallmark of Agiorgitiko wines.
122
Moschofilero wines often show what **floral note**: rose or violet?
Rose
## Footnote
This floral characteristic enhances the aromatic profile of the wine.
123
Assyrtiko wines often show which **citrus**: lemon or grapefruit?
Lemon
## Footnote
This citrus note is prominent in Assyrtiko, especially from Santorini.
124
Assyrtiko from Santorini often shows what **salty character**?
Salinity
## Footnote
This characteristic is influenced by the volcanic soil and maritime climate.
125
Roditis wines are generally **light or heavy** in body?
Light to medium
## Footnote
This body style makes Roditis versatile for food pairing.
126
Mavrodaphne dessert wines are usually **red or white**?
Red
## Footnote
This style is known for its rich flavors and sweetness.
127
Are Greek wines typically **heavily oaked or moderately oaked**?
Moderately oaked
## Footnote
This approach allows the fruit character to shine through.
128
Which Greek wine is more likely to be **long aged**: Naoussa or Mantinia?
Naoussa
## Footnote
Naoussa wines are known for their aging potential due to high tannins.
129
Which Greek wine is more **aromatic and light**: Mantinia or Nemea?
Mantinia
## Footnote
This wine is celebrated for its floral and fruity aromas.
130
Which Greek wine is more **saline and mineral**: Santorini or Patras?
Santorini
## Footnote
The volcanic terroir contributes to its unique mineral character.
131
Which Greek wine is more associated with **sweet Muscat**: Samos or Naoussa?
Samos
## Footnote
Samos is renowned for its sweet Muscat wines.
132
Which Greek wine is more associated with **Agiorgitiko**: Nemea or Santorini?
Nemea
## Footnote
Nemea is the primary region for Agiorgitiko production.
133
Which Greek wine is more associated with **Xinomavro**: Naoussa or Patras?
Naoussa
## Footnote
Naoussa is famous for its Xinomavro wines.
134
Which Greek wine is more associated with **Moschofilero**: Mantinia or Samos?
Mantinia
## Footnote
Mantinia is known for its aromatic Moschofilero wines.
135
Which Greek wine is more associated with **Mavrodaphne**: Patras or Nemea?
Patras
## Footnote
Patras is recognized for its sweet Mavrodaphne wines.
136
Which Greek region: **volcanic, arid, basket vines**?
Santorini
## Footnote
This unique environment influences the grape growing methods.
137
Which Greek region: **structured reds, high tannin and acid**?
Naoussa
## Footnote
This region is known for producing robust red wines.
138
Which Greek region: **softer reds from Agiorgitiko**?
Nemea
## Footnote
Nemea is famous for its approachable Agiorgitiko wines.
139
Which Greek region: **aromatic whites from Moschofilero**?
Mantinia
## Footnote
Mantinia is celebrated for its fragrant white wines.
140
Which Greek region: **sweet Muscat island in North Aegean**?
Samos
## Footnote
Samos is known for its production of sweet Muscat wines.
141
Which Greek region: **port city with sweet Mavrodaphne**?
Patras
## Footnote
Patras is recognized for its rich dessert wines.
142
At CMS level, which **three Greek grapes** should you prioritize?
* Assyrtiko
* Xinomavro
* Agiorgitiko
## Footnote
These grapes represent key varietals in Greek wine production.
143
At CMS level, which **aromatic white grape** should you also know?
Moschofilero
## Footnote
Moschofilero is recognized for its aromatic profile and is important in Greek wine education.
144
At CMS level, which **two sweet wine regions** should you know?
* Samos
* Santorini
## Footnote
These regions are known for their production of sweet wines in Greece.
145
At CMS level, which **three dry PDO regions** are most critical?
* Naoussa
* Nemea
* Santorini
## Footnote
These regions are significant for their dry PDO wines in Greece.
146
Greek **PDO wines** align with which EU designation?
PDO
## Footnote
PDO stands for Protected Designation of Origin, ensuring quality and origin.
147
Greek **PGI wines** align with which EU designation?
PGI
## Footnote
PGI stands for Protected Geographical Indication, indicating a specific geographical origin.
148
Greek sweet wine categories historically known as **OPE** are now under what?
PDO
## Footnote
OPE stands for 'Oinos Prostatevomenou Epitropou', which has transitioned to PDO.
149
Most modern export Greek quality wines are labelled as **PDO or PGI**?
PDO
## Footnote
PDO wines are often preferred for their quality in international markets.
150
For theory, which phrase should you link to **Santorini** in one breath?
Assyrtiko, volcanic, saline, dry
## Footnote
This phrase encapsulates the unique characteristics of Santorini's wine profile.
CMS - Intro/Certified
flashcards
Decks in class (27)
# Cards
-
France - Burgundy CHABLIS142
-
France - Burgundy COTE D'OR333
-
France - Burgundy MACONNAIS/COTE CHALONNAISE110
-
France - Beaujolais113
-
France - Provence BANDOL99
-
Australia - Overall295
-
Portugal151
-
Italy152
-
Germany150
-
Austria150
-
Greece150
-
Europe141
-
New Zealand150
-
US & Canada130
-
South America150
-
South Africa122
-
France - Rhone Valley155
-
France - Alsace333
-
Fortified284
-
Sparkling157
-
Bordeaux153
-
Champagne144
-
Loire Valley129
-
South France164
-
Italy North188
-
Italy Central120
-
Italy South0
